vV 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


1.1 


11.25 


liilM    125 


-    t_ 

14  U4 


-a 


Photographic 

Sdaices 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  M5S0 

(716)872-4503 


I: 

o 


.«* 


^z^ 

^^' 

^ 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICIVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Biblioflraphic  Notaa/Notaa  tachniquas  at  bibliographiquaa 


TtM 
to  til 


Tha  Instituta  ha*  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  baat 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Faaturaa  of  thia 
copy  which  may  ba  bibliographicaliy  uniqua. 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagaa  in  tha 
raproduction,  or  which  may  aignificantly  changa 
tha  uaual  mathod  of  filming,  ara  chackad  balow. 


Q   Coloured  covara/ 
Couvartura  da  coulaur 


r~1   Covara  damaged/ 


Couvarture  endommagAe 


□   Covara  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur^  at/ou  pellicula 


D 


D 


D 
0 


D 


D 


Cover  title  miasing/ 

La  titra  de  couverture  manque 


I      I   Coloured  mapa/ 


Cartes  gtegraphiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encra  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


I — I   Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


Planchea  at/ou  Illustrations  wi  couleur 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
Rail*  avec  d'autres  documents 


Tight  binding  may  causa  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

Lareliure  serrie  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distorsion  la  long  da  ia  marge  intirleure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certainas  pagea  blanches  ajouttea 
lore  d'una  restauration  apparaiaaant  dana  la  texte. 
mala,  lorsque  cela  Atait  possible,  ces  pagea  n'ont 
paa  it*  filmiaa. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplAmantairas; 


L'Institut  a  microfilm*  la  meilleur  exemplaira 
qu'il  lui  a  iti  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaira  qui  sent  paut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique.  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite.  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mAthode  normala  de  filmaga 
sont  indiquAs  ci-dessous. 


r~n   Coloured  pages/ 


D 
D 
0 
D 
0 


D 


Pagea  de  couleur 

Pagea  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagAes 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurAas  at/ou  peiiiculAes 

Pagea  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  dAcolorAes.  tachetAes  ou  piquAes 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ditachias 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 


Tha 
poss 
ofth 
filml 


Origi 

begii 

tha 

eion, 

othei 

first 

sion, 

or  nil 


r~1   Quality  of  print  varies/ 


QualitA  inigaia  da  i'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprand  du  materiel  supplAmentaire 


r~1    Only  edition  available/ 


The  I 
ahail 
TINU 
whic 

Mapi 

differ 

entire 

begin 

right 

raquii 

meth 


Seule  Edition  disponibie 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc..  have  been  refUmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalament  ou  partieilement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure. 
etc.,  ont  AtA  filmAes  A  nouveau  da  fapon  A 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  tha  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmA  au  taux  da  reduction  indiquA  ci-dessous. 


10X 


14X 


18X 


22X 


26X 


»X 


7 


12X 


16X 


aox 


2*X 


28X 


32X 


Th*  copy  filmed  h«r«  has  b««n  r«produc«d  thanks 
to  tho  gonorosity  of: 

Douglas  Library 
Quaan's  University 

•  -  i:   ■ 

Tha  imagas  appearing  here  ere  the  best  quelity 
possible  considering  the  condition  end  iegibillty 
of  the  originel  copy  end  in  Iceeping  with  the 
filming  contrect  specif icetions. 


Originel  copies  in  printed  peper  covers  ere  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  end  ending  on 
the  lest  pege  with  e  printed  or  illuetreted  impres- 
sion, or  the  beck  cover  when  epproprlete.  All 
other  originel  copleftere  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  pege  with  e  printed  or  illuetreted  Impres- 
sion, end  ending  on  the  lest  pege  with  e  printed 
or  illuetreted  Impression. 


L'exempleire  filmi  fut  reproduit  grice  i  le 
ginAroeM  de: 

Douglns  Librery 
Queen's  University 

l.es  imegee  sukentes  ont  4t*  reproduites  evec  le 
plus  grsnd  eoin,  compte  tenu  de  le  condition  et 
de  le  nettetA  de  l'exempleire  film*,  et  en 
conformiti  evec  les  conditions  du  contret  de 
filmege. 

Les  enempleires  origineux  dont  le  couverture  en 
pepler  eat  ImprimAe  sont  ftimAs  en  commenpent 
per  le  premier  plet  et  en  terminent  solt  per  le 
dernlAre  pege  qui  comporte  une  emprelnte 
d'Impression  ou  d'iilustretlon.  solt  per  le  second 
plet.  selon  le  ces.  Tous  lee  eutres  exempieires 
origineux  sont  fiimAs  en  commen^ent  per  le 
premlAre  pege  qui  comporte  une  emprelnte 
d'Impression  ou  d'illustretion  et  en  terminent  par 
la  dernlAre  pege  qui  comporte  une  telle 
emprelnte.         ■ 


The  lest  recorded  freme  on  eech  microfiche 
shell  contein  the  symbol  — ^>  (meening  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  ▼  (meening  "END"), 
whichever  epplies. 


Un  dee  symboles  suivents  epperettre  sur  la 
darnMre  imege  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
ces:  le  symbols  — »>  signifie  "A  SUIVRE".  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 


IVIeps.  plates,  cherts,  etc..  mey  be  filmed  et 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  lerge  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  ere  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hend  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  meny  fremes  es 
required.  The  following  diegrems  illustrete  the 
method: 


Les  certes.  plenches.  tebieeux.  etc..  peuvent  Atre 
filmte  A  dee  teux  de  reduction  diff Arents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grsnd  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cllch*.  11  est  film*  A  partir 
de  i'engle  supArieur  geuche.  de  geuche  A  drolte. 
et  de  heut  en  bes,  en  prenent  le  nombre 
d'Imagcs  nicasseire.  Las  diagremmes  suivents 
illMstrent  le  m^thode. 


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ABEPU 
tA-govtrn  tl 

|i«ople.  £i 
IMwariBwViii 
takMtekge 

is  but  ilipKt  I 
.;,  RetccUon 
liiHlcnigiiii4 
States,  by  tfa 
iKiln^Mada  ] 
«L  novel  aiipli 
nuyoTitytoi 
<nr«ttiBitanc4 
tk»yth«ri(g;t 
depend  upon 

tivelib^frc 

addrew.    A 

them  tli>^[ 

^he  moifli 

'^'m  topic,  ao 

£icetof  theyn 

to  your  reppc 

thbinqstini 

Utances  of  tbt 

I  unless  it  be  fi 

[public  opinio 

Except  thi 

[now  before 

JTbflit  messaf 

ji^ason  for  wi 

Inotorioud.    1 

M<wig  since  op< 

jtentMiously  aj 

[for  successful 

|6^tyof  ou 


iniMwAi^'^SiMx 


ADDRESS. 


■  >..V 


A  BEPUBUC  hts  fiftr  its  buh  thft  capfeottf  and  fight  of  the>ao|iar 
tft^^ovtrn  thanuehrcM.  A  mun  prtnople  of*  npreisiitatife  repuMic 
Uttomywaihility  «f  tbtt  fcpr«MDt«tiv«i  t»  tlwir  sonalitMOli.  £r*»» 
dcm  awl  p^Uci^  of  dabata  am  aaa«nUal  to  the  praaervatlon  of  attch 
lorma  of  governmant.  Evarjr  ariutnurf  ahridgmeat.  (tf  tha  figiit  of 
^jjIQceh  in  rapreiaatativa^  ia  a  diMctiafiiDgaaaaBtof  the  libertjr  of  the 
people.  Entf  uoQoeaiaaiy  (conceahnant ««  their  fHrqceediaan'  an  ^k 
prasdoMtkn  towarda  tyrannjr.  Wbeo»  hjr  af  atanaBtie  rttle%  aSiH^riijr 
ti^hea  la  itielf  the  lii^t,  atiu  plaaattreiofMniStint^Bedwordeajriiqf 
i^  aitsvetber }  whe»  aeciel  aeaaioM  multiplgr;|  and  in  j[in>pMftio»  to 
^liptNRlaBee^^^ueatiQnaf  ia  the  atu^ous  cancetAoMM  ef  dabaief  a 
jpeai^  m*f  be  aaiiiKdi  thad  atich  paac^ea  cootinidogf  th^-freedom 
ia  bat  ah«ct  lilted.   ^ 

,,  Retactioqa,  aiicb  aa  theaa»  lurae  haea  (breed  npen  die  nktaitioB  of  the 
Widenigpedy  MenhenioftheHouaeof  Rcpreaentativea)  of  tibe  tbiited 
Statea,  bjr  the  events  of  the  preaent  session  of  Con^ss.  Thef  havo 
vtitnesaadaprinei^  adopted  aa  the  lawof  the  House,  bf  which»  under 
%.  novel  application  «if  the  previans  <|qaatian» »  poiaeri»aasunBed  b^  the 
imgoTitjr  lodmy  iha  priraiege  of  &peech»  at  any  atag«»  and  undeiPtaMr 
oifQusHtanccs  of  debiita.  And  teecittlfrby  an  unpieeeclented  asspunp* 
tioBy  the  right  to  give  reaaona  for  an  or^^^nal  nocioni  has  heen  .made  to 
depend  upon  the  will  of  the  niigori^. 

Piineiplea  moiie  boatUe  than  these  to  the  auia^enoe  of  iiqireaenta' 
tive.Ub^ft'eannot  eanlf  beoimteeived.  It  is  not,  bewever  on ; these  ae* 
countr*  n^ighty  as  they  Me,  that  the  underugncd  bave<updlftdcen  tbja 
addreaa.  AwAject of  higher andnore immediate ;imppftanee inipela 
them  tl»  the  present  dut>^. 

The  moiioientous  qanition  of  war,  witht^reatiBritsinKts  decided.  On 
this  tqiiC}  so  vital  to  your  interests,  the  right  (tf  public  debate^  in  the 
£iceiof  the  world  jknd  especially  of  their. conadtue^s,  has-been  denied 
to  your  representatives.  They  have'been  called  jjtte secret  ses^oo,,on 
this  mq|t  interesting  of  an  your  pvdilic  relationsf  akhqugh  the  dffcuin- 
sunoes  of  the  time  and  of  the  nation,  afibrded  no  one  treason  foAr  secrecy* 
unless  it  be  found  in  the  apprehension  of  the  effect  of  puyic  d^^te,  cn|i 
public  opinion  ;  or  of  public  opintmi  on  tiie  result  of  theiVete. 

Except  the  message  of  the  President  of  the  United  States,  which  ia 
now  before  the  public*  nothing  confidentisl  was  communicated. 
That  message  contained  so  foct  not  previously  fcnown.  No  onffr 
resson  for  war  .was  intimated,  but  such  as  waaofanature(publ(band 
notorioua.  T;he  intention  to  wage  war  and  invade  Canada,  had  been  , 
long  since  openly  avowed.  The  object  of  hoatile  menace  had  been  M- 
tentatiously  snnounced.  The  inadequacy,  of,  both  our  army  and  navy, 
for  successful  iuvaidon,  and  the  insufiicienoy  of  the  fortifications  for  the 
|«pttcity  of  eur  seaboard  were,*  every  whete,  known.    Yet  the  doors  ff 


H 


!^ 


t(mp9u  wtH^  •1l^t  uppn  tb«  (itople.    Tbcj  hate  been  ovrpftillf  kep| 

in  icnonnpe  oiftbe  progreli  9f'iifei|ii|rM)  uptil  tht  purposes  of  adulniit 

trat|on  weraconftummatedi  and  the  fiito  of  the  etimttj  aealed.  In  a  ait^ 

vatipn  so  extraordinavy  the  undefaigned  hate  deemed  it  their  dutjr  hjr 

dio  act  of  tbeirs  to  sanction  a  |iroceediiig«  ao  nofel  and  arbitrary,    dfi 

<  the  contrary,  they  made  every  attempt,  in  their  power,  to  attain  putlicir 

^  ty  for  their  proccediiigs.    All  such  attempts  were  vain.    When  tjiia 

*  momentous  subject  waattated,  as  ^r  debate  i  they  demaqded  that  Che 

4oors  should  be  opened.  « 

This  bemg  refused,  ^ey  declined  discussion  ;  being  perfectly  con- 
'  "vfoeed,  from  indicattonat  too' plain  to'be  mis«mderstood,  that,  inl  the 
Ibotthe,  ail  argument,  with  closed  doors,  was  hopeless  { and  that  any  act^ 
gifiiig  implfeid  validity  to  s6  fiagmnt  an  abuse  of  power,  would  be  little 
less  t^n  treachery  to  tlte  essential  rights  of  a  free  pieople.  In  the  situ* 
atiop,  ^  which  th<s  under^gned  have  thus  been  reduced,  they  are  com- 
pelled reluctantly,  to  resort  to  tbis  public  declaration  of  such  views  of 
the  state .  and  relations  of  the  country,  as  determined  their  judgment 
and  vote'^ipon  the  question  of  war.  A  measure  of  this  kind  hns  ap' 
peared  to  the  under^ned  tp  be  nr.ore  imperiously  demanded,  by  the  cir> 
cuntstance  of  a  message  and  manifesto  being  prepared,  and  circulated 
at  public  expence,  in  which  the  causes  for  War  were  enumerated  and. 
the  motivea  £ar.  ^concentrated,  in  o manner  suited  to  agitate  and  influ- 
ence the  pul;>lic  mind.  In  executing  this  taslc,  it  will  be  the  study  of  th«( 
^vndersigried  to'  reconcile  the  great  dnt^,  they  owe  to  the  peoi^le,  with 
that  coMtitutional  respect  which  is  due  to  the  administratoraof  publie 
conoer|is.  ■'■* 

In  cOmineiicing  this  view  of  our  aflkits,  the  undersigned  would  faH 
in  duty  theinseh^,  did  they  refrain  from  recurring  to'  the  course,  in 
relation  to  public  measures,  which  they  adopted  and  have  undeviatihgly 
pursued  from  the  commencement  of  \his  long  and  eventful  session ;  in 
which  they  deliberately  sacrificed  every  minor  consideration  tO|  what 
they  deemed,  the  best  interests  of  the  country. 

For  a  succession  of  years  the  undersigned  have  froin  principle  disap- 
proved, a  series  of  restrictions  u)>on  commerce,  arcording  to  their  Csti- 
Snationi  ineflicient  as  respected  foreign  nations  and  injurious^  chiefly,  to 
«urselves.  Success,  in  the  system,  had  become  identified  with  the 
pride,  the  character,  and  the  hope  of  our  cabinet;  Ah  is  natt:ral  with 
men,  who  havea  great  stake  depending  on  the  success  of  a  favorite  the- ^ 
ory,  pertinacity  seemed  to  increase,  as  its  hopelessness  became  appar*  j 
tnt.  As  the  inefficiency  of  this  system  could  not  be  admitted,  by  its  ad- 
yocates,  witKiilu^eTtsuring  its  abandonment,  ill  success  was,  carefully  at* 
tributed  to  the  influence  of  opposition. 

To  this  cause  the  people  were  taught  to  charge  its  successive  failures  v 
afid  not  to  its  intrinsic  imbecility.    In  this  state  of  things  the  under -^' 
signed  deemed  it  proper,  to  take  away  all  apology  for  adherence  to  this ; 
Oppressive  system.    Tfiey  were  desirous,  at  a  period  so  critical  in  pub- 
lic affbtiffs,  as  far  as  was' consistent  with  the  independence  of  opinion,  to| 
contribute  to  the  i^stofation  of  harmony  in  the  public  councils,  and  con- 
cord tmong  the  people.    And  if  any  advantage  could  be'  thus  obtained  | 
in  our  foreign  relations,  the  undersigned  being  engaged,  in  no  purpose^ 
of  persohal  or  iniar^  advancement,  vould  rejoice,  in  such  an  occurrence. 
The  course  of  public  measures  «lso,  at  the  opening  of  the  session,! 
gave  hope  that  an  enlarged  and  enlightened  system  of  defence,  withj 
ti^yision>  for  or  security  of  our  ra^ritinie  rights>  was  about  to  t^  QOioA 


icBcad,   A 

tofba(cr,l 
imobstmc 

ablic  duty. 
raa  cause  of 
^y  an  unpre* 
)if  the  chief 

(cite  refeeot 
^aihst  a  port 

■ted  by  cvi 

It  has  al« 

iz*'.t  waa  th 
Ion,  andiM 
khe  theatre  e 
jihing  but  a  n 
IS  parties  ini 
leems  to  be  J 
ition.    The 

Mvttlsed. 
^quit  our  os 
ing  our  desti 

Id  prosperit 
lour  or  cap 

In  addition 
lid  deter 
far,  there  w< 
Uture  of  tl 
>rm  of  gov 

>werflil  and 
rhich  are  c 
itp  situation 
(y  which  t 
Ekllmtd  aci 

Form  of  g 
le  ahd  matv 
lersigned  fri 
>ar,  we^icl 
luacy  of  out 
M  great  wei 

It  appears 

States' have  t 

iterests,  am 

rhich,  in  th( 

rhich  war 

Iritish  vesst 

|ipperiousIy 

iearc0ast  de 

they  be  con; 

the  part  of  t 

rith  resptct 

set  infornia 

>ress  act  of  < 


"*>..: 


»      ^ 


^H 


*^ 


\  perfectly  con^ 
od,  that}  inl  the 
ftiid  that  any  act^ 
p,  irould  be  lit^ 
lie.  In  the  ait<i« 
d>  they  are  com- 
)f  tttch  vtewsof 
I  their  judgment 
ilia  kind  hns  ap^ 
rnded,  by  the  cir- 
d,  and  circulated 
enumerated  and. 
agitate  and  influ- 
B  the  study  of  th«t 
the  peoi^te,  with 
stratoraofpuldlc 

signed  would  faH 
(o'  the  course)  in  ^^ 
ive  undeviatihgly 
entiiil  session ;  in  | 
leration  to,  what%, 
■    ■  '% 

\  [irinciple  disap-  I' 
ding  to  their  dati- 
uviou8»  chiefly,  to 
entified  with  the 
Lh  is  natural  with 
I  of  a  favorite  the- 
9s  became  appar* 
Imittedt  by  its  ad- 
was,  carefully  at* 

uecessive  failures  s^ 
things  the  under- 1 
adherence  to  this! 
so  critical  in  pub- 
incB  of  opinion,  to^ 
councils,  and  con- 
1  be' thus  obtained! 
red,  in  no  purposej 
ich  an  occurrence, 
ngofthe  session^il 
I  of  defence,  withj 
J  about  to  bp  corn-j 


icBceid,  A  pvrpotffi  vMclif  wherever  fouQdi  tbtf  deemed  It  tlilbdttf 
to  foafcr,  by  giving,  to  any  system  of  mcasureai  tbui  compreheiMiret 
mtobstmcted  it  course  as  was  cbmisteat  with  their  geheial  leftse  of 
nblic  duty.  After  a  coarse  of  policy,  tbiit  liberal  and  concUittory,  it 
ras  cause  of  regret  that  a  comdiaiiiGatiea  ahould  h^ye  be^  puisl|Med 
by  an  unpr«oedWited  expenditure  of  secret  i^rvice  money )  at»d  used, 
by  the  chief  magistrate,  to  disseminate  suspicioii  ami  jeMpusy  }  and  to 
nccite  reaebtment  amon^  the  citi2ens,  hy  anggeatiDg  impjil^i^ons  a- 
^aihst  a  portion  of  them,  as  unmerited  b]f  their  i^rlotisnH  •»  ynwar- 
tnted  by  evidence. 

It  has  always  been  the  opinion  of  the  undersigiied,  thtl  a  ayatgnsi^f 

^sfte  waa  the  policy,  which  mbst  comported  wim  the  character,  condi- 

Ion,  and  interest  of  the  United  States.    That  their  ,i^meleaesa  |h>m 

the  theatre  of  contest  in  Euiype,  Was  the«r  peculiar  felicity  and  t^t  no^ , 

mini;  but  A  neccsdty,  absolute^  imperious  should  ioduce  them  to  iBpter 

Is  parties  into  wars,  in  which  every  considemt|on  of  virtue  and  policy 

|eems  to  be  forgotten,  upder  the  overbearing  away  of  rapacity  and  am- 

Ition.    There  is  a  new  eia  in  human  aflUrs.    The  J^ropean  world  is 

Mvulsed.    The  advantages  of  our  own  situatioo  are  pecfiHar.    '  Why 

)*quit  our  own  to  sund  upoo^  foreign  grouild  ?    Why,  by  mterweavi' 

ing  our  destiny  with  that  of  any  part  of  Europe,  eq^gleovr;  peace 

and  prosperity  in  the  toils  of  European  amUtion,  rividship,  interest,  hi;* 

lour  or  caprice  ?** 

In  addition  to  the  many  moral  and  prudential^  considemtfonsi  which 
jould  deter  thoughtful  men  from  hastenhig  into  the  perUs  of  such  o 
far,  there  wereaome  peculiar  to  the  United  States,  resulting  frmn  the 
bxture  of  the  government,  apd  |he  political  relatione  of  the  people.  A 
»rih  of  government,  in  no  sroalidegfee  experimental,  (^ompo^d  of 
bwerfiil  and  independent  80verelgn)iea  associated  in  relates,  some  of 
rhich'  are  critical,  aa  well  as  novel,  should  not  be  hastily  preeit>itated 
itp  situationi;,  ctilculiated  to  put  to  trial,  thO  strength  of  the  moral  bond, 
|iy  which  thjey  are  united.  Of  all  atates,  that  of  war,  is  most  li^ly  to 
all  into  activity  the  pav^sions,  which  are  hostile  and  dangerous  ^  such 
Form  of  government.  Time  is  yet  important  to  our  country  to  set- 
le  ahd  mature  its  recent  institutions.  Above  all  it  appeared  to  the  un- 
lersigned  from  dgns  not  to  be  mistaken,  that  if  we  ihtered  upon  this 
>ar,  we^i^  it  aS  a  divided  people  ;  npt  only  &om  a  sense  of  the  ihade- 
luacy  of  our  means  to  succes%  but  from  moral  and  political  objections 
M  great  weight  and  very  general  influence. 

It  appears  to  the  undersig;ncdi  that  the  wrongs,  of  which  the  United 

>tates'have  to  complain,  although  in  some  aspects,  very  grievous  to  our 

iterests,  and,  in  mtiiny,  humiliating  to  our  pride,  wei^e  yet  of  a  natiire, 

rhich,  in  the  present  state  of  the  world,  either  would  not  justify  wst,  or 

rhich  war  would  not  remedy.     Thus,  for  instance  the  hovering  of 

Iritish  vessels  upon  our  coasts,  and  the  occasional  insults  to  our  ports, 

|ipperiously  dcniandcd  such  a  systematic  application  of  harbour  and 

iea^c0ast  dsfence,  as  would  repel  such  aggressions,  but,  in  no  light,  can 

they  be  considered  as  making  a  resort  to  war,  at  the  present  time»  on 

the  part  of  the  United  States,  either  necessary,  or  «xt>edieiit.    So  also, 

rith  resptct  to  the  Indian  war,  of  the  origin  of  which,  but  very  iinper- 

Ect  information  has  as  yet  been  given  to  the  public.    Without  any  ex^ 

^ress  act  of  Congress,  an  expedition  was,  last  year,  set  on  foot  and  pros- 

■',:,-•, :  •  Wartiliigton.  '      -  •   n   ' 


'',^k''''-: 


I  • 


' 


^amiinm  |n4Ui»territorf>Vliioh  M  bten  icUim^ilMd  faf  IrMtf^tfi 
tkn  piri  of  the  Uiiiud  Statet.  And  low  we  are  told  abon^  the  agency 
^  BrUivh  traders,  as  to  Indian  boatUitiea.  It  deacnrts  eonaident^^ 
Khcther  Ihere  haa  been  sucli  provident  attenUon,  aa  would  teve  ban 
proper  to  remoTe  anf  cauie  of  compbdnt*  either  ^raal  or  llnafl^Barft 
which  the  Indians  might  alledset  and  to  eeioure  their  IHeodahip.  WiUi 
all  tha  igrmpathf  and  anxietf  excited  by  the  atate  of  (hat  frontier }  im- 
^  Portent  a»  il  may  be,  to  apply  adequate  means  of  protection,  against  the 
Indiana»  how  ia  its  safety  ensured  1^  a  declaration  of  war,  which  addii 
the  British  to  the  numfaier  of  enemies  ? 

As**  •  decent  respect  to  the  opmiona  of  manhind**  hu  not  indoeed 
the  two  houses  of  Congress  to  concur  in  declaring  Che  reaaons,  or  tuo- 
tiyep*  for  tbcir  cnaatiog  a  dcdaration  of  war,  the  underiigned  and  the 

?ublie  are  left  |o  search*  elsewhere,  fi>r  causee  cither  real,  *w  ostendUe. 
f  we  are  to  condde^  the  Prcudent  of  thf  United  Stetea,  and  the  com- 
mitteo  of  the  bouse  of  Representatives,  on  foreign  relations,  as  apealdng 
on  tikis  solemn  occasion,  for  Congress,  the  United  States  have  three 
principal  (opica  of  complaint  against  Great-Britain.  Impresamehta  9^ 
bloduMics  {•— and  orders  in  council.  '       " 

.Concerning  the  aubjectof  hnpressments, the  undersigned  sympa' 
thi«e  without  onfortuBate  seamen*,  the  victims  of  this  abuse  of  power^ 
and  participate  in  the  national  sensibility,  un  their  account.  They  do 
not  conceal  from  themselves^  both  itsimportance  and  its  dUftculty  ;  and 
they  are  well  aware  how  stubborn  is  the  will  and  how  bltod  the  via- 
i<>i|  of  penvcvful  laations,  when  great  intewsts  grow  into  controversy. 

But,  before  a  resort  to  war  m  such  intereata,  a  moraf  nation  wiU  con» 
idder  what  is  just,  and  a  wise  nation  what  ia  expedient.  If  the  exercise 
of  anjr  right  to  the  foil  extent  of  its  abstract  nature,  be  inconsistent  with 
the  safety  of  another  nation,  morality  seems  to  require  that,  in  practice^ 
its  exercise  ahould  in  this  respept,  be  modified.  If  it  be  proposed  to 
vindicate  Miy  right  by  war,  wisdom  demands  that  it  ahould  be  of  a  na- 
ture, by  war  to  be  obtained.  The  intereats  connected  with  the  subjecta 
of  impresimenta  are  UDque,stiomd)ly  great  to  both  natiims.  •And  in  the 
full  exteht  of  abstract  right  as  aaaefted  by  each,  perhaps  irreconcilable. 
The  government  vi  the  United  States  aaserts  that  the  broad  princifde 
that  the  flag  of  their  merchant  veasth  sKall  protect  the  mariners.  This 
privilege  isclaimied,  although  every  person  on  board,  except  the.  Cap- 
tain, may  be  an  alien. 
.  *  The  British  government  userts  tliat  the  allegiance  of  their  subjects, 
ia  inalienable,  in  time  of  war*  and  that  their  seamen,  found  on  the  sea, 
the  common  highway  of  nations,  shall  not  be  protected^  by  the  ilag.of 
private  merchant  ve^sel.s. 

The  undersigned  deem  it  unnecessary  here  to  discuss  the  question  of 
t^e  American  claim,  for  the  immunity  pf  their  flag;  But  they  cannot 
refrain  from  viewing  it  as  a  principle,  of  a  nature  very  broad  <and  com- 
prehensive ;  to  the^abuse  of  which,  the  temptationa  are  strong  and  nu- 
merous. And  they  do  maintain  that,  beCbre  the^xalamities  of  war,  in 
<  vindication  of  such  a  principle  be  incurred,  all  the  roeahs  of  negociation 
-  should  i>e  exhaubted,  and  that  abo  every  practicabTe'Httempt  should 
be  made  to  regulate  the  exercise  of  th^  right ;  so  that  the  acknowl- 
edged injury,  restUting  to  other  nations,  should  be  checked  if  not 
prevented.  They  are  cliearly  of  opinion  that  the  peace  of  this  happy 
and  rising  community  should  not  be  abanddned,  for  the  Sii^e  of  afibra- 
mg  facilities  to  cover  French  property  ;  or  to  empli^'British  seamei^. 


y  f, ' 


'«-%»raiWJ^ 


'1- 


The  eUai  of  CSMtt-Britein  to  the  lervteei  Hi  her  waiMA  it  ntoltlieir 

B^  nor  pccvlkr.  The  doctrine  of  anegimee)  for  which  ehe  contcndi 
commoD  to  all  the  gofemments  of  Eutope.  France^  aa  well  M  Eng^ 
id»  hai  malntthmd  It  for  centurica.  Both  nationa  oiatnii  in  tlihe  of 
irt  the  aenrieea  of  their  robjeeta.    Botli  Of  decraei  forbM  «ha  A  ^ittei^ 

into  foreign  employ.    Both  recall  them  bf  proclamation. 

«fo  man  c^n  doubt  'iiat,  in  the  pieaent  state  of  the  Frcntih  mariiie)  If 

Itflcao  merchant  vcaaelawere  met  at  aeai  having  French  aeamen  on 

that  France  would  talce  them.    Will  any  man  believe  that  the  U- 

Ited  Statea  would  go  to  war  against  France*  on  this  account  i 

For  very  obvioua  reaaonai  ihia  principle  occaaiona  little  colKaion  with 

B)  or  with  any  other  nation,  except  England.    With,  the  English 

ktien,  the  people  of  the  United  Statea  are  doaeljr  aatimilated  in  blood* 

tguage*  intereourae,  haldta,  dress,  manners  and  character.    When 

Iritain  ia  at  war  and  the  United  Sutea  ncvtral,<Mc  merchant  aorrice  of 

I  United  States,  hoMa  out  to  British  seamen,  temptationa  almoat  hrre' 

istible  ;*>»high  wageaand  peaccfol  employ,  instead  of  low  wagCaaDd 

ir-serrice }— safety,  in  lieu  of  haaard  ;•— entire  independence^  in  thto 

ICC  of  qualified  aervitude. 

That  England  whoae  rituation  ia  hisular,  who  isengajjed  In  a  War, 

irently  for  existence,  whose  aeamen  are  her  bulwark,  ahdiild  look 

I  the  effect  of  our  prindple  upon  her  safety,  with  jealousfj  is  inevit- 

)le ;  and  that  she  wUk  not  hasard  the  practical  conseqiiences  of  its  un- 

_  listed  exereke,  ia  Certain.    The  question,  thcfelicnre,  presentedj  df« 

Bctly,  for  the  decision  of  the  theughtiui  and  virtuous  mhidi  in  this  couo* 

^,  i»<»iwhether  war,  for  such  an  abstractright  be  justifiable,  lieforeiit- 

nptiug  to  guard  against  its  injurious4endency  by  legisUttiye  regulftr- 

»,  In  foilure  of  treaty.  ^ 

\  A  dubious  right  aliould  fte  advanced  with  hesitation.  An  extreme 
fght  should  be  asserted  with  discretion.  Moral  doty  requires,  that  a 
ition,  before  it  appeals  to  arms,  should  have  been,  not  ohly  true  to  it- 
>lf,  but  that  it  should  have  foiled,  in  ho  dut^  to  others.  Kthe;  exer- 
|se  of  a  right,  in  an.unregutoted  manner,  be  m  effect,  a  standing  invita^ 
on  to  the  subjects  ^  a  foreign  power  to  become  deserters  and  traltora, 
I  it  ho  injury  to  that  power  r 

Certainly,  moral  obligation  demanda  that  the  rightof  flag,  like  all 
Iher  human  rights  should  be  so  used,  as  that,  while  it  protecis  What  ia 
ir  own,  it  ahbuM  not  injure  what  is  anothers.    In  a  practical  view«' 
id  so  long  aa  the  right  oif  flag  is  restrained,  by  no  regard  to  the  undieini- 

le  intereata  of  others,  a  war  on  account  of  impressments,  is  only  a 
far  for  the  right  of  employing  British  seamen,  on  board  Ametican 
Merchant  vessels.       ) 

Thedaim  of  Great*Britain  pretends  to  no  further  eMent,  than  to 
Ike  British  seamen  from  private  merchant  vessels.  In  the  exercise  of 
lis  claim,  her  ofiieera  take  American  seamen,  and  foreign  iteamen,  in 
American  aervice  ;  uid  although  she  disclaims  such  abuses,  and 
i^offers  redress,  when  known,  yet  undoubtedly  grievous  injuries  have 
Ksulted  to  the  seamen  of  the  United  Stistes.  But  the  question  iS)  can 
f«rbe  proper  for  such  cause,  liefore  all  hope  of  reasonable  accommo-' 
Ition  has  failed  ?    Even  after  the  extinguishment  of  such  hope,  can  it 

I  proper,  until  our  own  practice  be  so  regulated  as  to  remove,  in  such 

re^  nation,  any  reasonable  apprehensions  of  injury  ? 

I'tht  undersigned  are  clearly «f  opinion  that  the  employment  of  Brit- 

'  9C9IBf  n  j  ii^  the  tuerchMI  amice  of  the  United  Stated;  is  as  little  re- 


m 


!'■■■  ■ 


I 

J 


cwK>l>bl»  with  tht  pen&Mcntt  m  tiM  pmcnt  ittteffwl  ol.tM  t7nk<d 
StatM.    Tht  encoungemtnt  of  foivlgn  MamMi  li  th«  dlMoungenunt  { 
•r  1^  Mtive  AnMrican. 

Tht  dfity  of  gbvcrhincnt  towaidt  thit  vihiablt  eku  oltnao  b  not  on* 
U  to  protact)  biit  to  pttramM  them.  ^  And  tbit  cannot  be  done  mora  c^-J 
ncUtlljr  than  bv  Mcuring,  to  American  dtisena  the  priTilegea  of  A<- 
sneikao  navigatioo* 

The  question  of  impraumcntt  like  every  other  qoeatihn  relatiTe  to 
'  iommerce  has  been  treatedt  in  each  a  manner)  th^it  what  was  possee- 
aed»  is  lost  without  obtaining  what  was  s^u^ht*,  Pretenlions,  risht  iq 
theory*  and  important  fai  ihterastt  urged)  without  due  .co^siderauon  of  ^ 
our  relative  power,  have  eventuated  in  a  practical  fibandonment,  both  of 
what  we  hoped  and  what  we  ehjoyed.    In  atfei^pdng,  to  spread  out ! 
flag  over  foreigners)  its  distinctive  character  hai  been  lost  to  our  own '' 
citiiens.  /^ 

The  American  seamant  whose  interest  it  is  to  have  no  copnpctitorsi| 
in  his  employment)  is  sacrificed  that  British  seamen  may  have  equal' 
privileges  with  himself.  .1 

Ever  sincethe  United  States  have  been  a  nation,  this  subject  has  been.; 
a  matter  of  complaint  and  negotiation  ;  and  every  former  administra- . 
tion  nave  treated  it*  according  to  its  obvious  nature,  as  a  subject  rather^ 
jfor  arrangement  than  for  war.    It  existed  in  the  time  of  Waihlngtonil 
vet  this  nther  of  his  country  recommended  no  such  resort.    It  exTstedl 
m  the  time  of  Adams,  yet,  notwithstanding  the  zeal,  in  support  of  our] 
maiitime  rightS)  which  distinguished  his  administration,  war  was  nev> 
er  suggested  by  him,  as  the  remedy.    During  the  eight  years  Mr.  Jef*^ 
forson  stood'at  (he  helm  of  afiiiirst  it  still  continued  a  subject  of  cobtro-v 
*  \evtf  and  negotiation  :  but  it  was  neVer  made  a  cause  for  war.    It  was 
reserved  for  the  present  administration  to  press  this  topic  to  the  eX' 
treme  and  most  dreadiiii  resort  of  nations ;  .although  England  has  ofA- :^j 
cially  disavowed  the  right  of  impressment,  as  it  respects  native  citizens,^;^ 
and  ah  arrangement  might  well  be  made,  consistent  with  the  fair  pre-'«^l 
tensions  of  such  as  are  naturalized.  . 

That  the  real  state  of  thb  question  m&y  be  understood,  the  under- 
Signed  recur  to  the  following  nets  as  supported  by  official  documents. 
Mr.  King,  when  mioistei*  in  England,  obtained  a  disavowal  of  the  Biit-; 
ish  government  ot  the  right  to  impress  i'  American  seamen,"  naturaliri 
zed  as  well  as  native,  on  the  high  seas.    An  arrangement  had  advan- 
C^ed,  nearly  to'a  conclusion,  upon  this  basis,  and  waa  broken  oif  only,  be«' 
cause  tiref  t-Britain  insisted  to  retain  the  right  on  ".  the  narrow  seas."a 
What,  however,  was  the  opinion  of  the  American  minister,  on  the  pro>| 
hability  of  an  arrangement,  appears  from  the  public  documents,  Com-f 
municated  to  congress,  in  the  session  of  1808,  as  stated, by  Mr.  Madi^ 
Son,  in  these  words,  "  at  the  foment  the  articles  were  expected  to  be| 
^*  signed,  an  exception  of  ^*  the  narrow  seub'^was  urged  and  insisted  or 
**  by  Lord  St.  Vincents,  and  being  utterly  inadmusible  on  our  part,  the 
**  negociation  was  abandoned.** 

Mr.  &ing  Seeihs  to  be  of  opinion,  however, "  that,  with  more  time 
than  was  left  him  for  the  experinient,  the  objection  might  have  bper 
overcome.*'  What  time. was  leA  Mr.  K^ng  for, the  experiment,  oti 
whether  any  was  ever  <nade  has  not  been  disclosed  to  the  public.  .  Mrl 
King,  sOoh  aiier  returned  to  America  :  It  is  manifest  from  Mr.  King'l 
expression  that  he  was  limited  in  point  o^  time,  and  it  is  equally  cljpar 
that  bis  opinion  was  that  «a  adjustment  could  take  place.    That  ;^rj 


t-'-^**'- ' 


'iitdiidn  WM  9kn  olilie  iaifoe  o^nion  b  dm^ift^atcd,  by  kk  Itttati  td 

Mnir«>  MdiWM  and  PlnkiMXi  dated  the  Sd  of  Februarjr,  itOT,  la  whid) 

ha  UM*  thaaa  exprnaloni.    **  I  take  it  for  gfaoted  that  70U  hava  not 

<*  failed  to  make  d«a  Use  of  the  arraDfcinent  coneertad  bjr  llr.  King 

[*<  with  Lord  Hawkftburjr,  in  the  year  1109,  for  tettlltaf  tba  qtioatiun  of 

<(  ImtirMfement.    On  Mar  ecra«foii  aiK/  WMlfr  «*af  tttMrniAtiitoi  M#  JMf • 

i«A  firineifUe  watJUriy  rnuunetd  itijktw  qfthe  rifkt  ^^Hrjkigt  J^t^fH 

Mm^ta&ury  Mnint  wgrttd  to  finhMt  imfittMmtia»  m  tht  higk  ^hu.** 

And  ixwd  St.  Vkieanu  hsauirlBf  nothing  mora  than  an  axoaMloo  of 

the  naVrow  8eaa»  an  aikccptum  nmng  on  the  obaolete  claim  of  Great* 

Britain  to  lonia  paenliar  dominion  orer  them/'    Hera  than  wa  have 

fuin  acknotledgmant  that  Graaf-Britaln  waa  willing  to  renounea  the 

Ifht  of  imi»remmantt  on  tho  high  aaaaj  In  CiTor  uf  our  Bag )— that  aha 

M  anxiotta  to  arrange  the  ■ubjact. 

It  .further  appcara  that  tlie  British  miiiiatrj  called  fat  an  Intetriet^ 
rithlffetsTS.  Monttie  ahd  Piokoejr,  on  this  to]^  }  that  thaf  atated  the 
lature  of  the  claimi  the  king'a  preragative  t  that  they  had  eoniultcd  the 
Brown  oAcJers  and  the  board  of  admirahy,  who  all  concuitcd  in  acnti- 
ftcnt,  that  under  tlie  circumstancea  of  \he  natlont  the.relin^uiihment  of 
|h«  right  waa  a  meaaure,  which  the  goTcmmant  coojkl  pot  ad(^,  wi^- 
biit  tilling  oh  itself  •  responaibllityi  nl^hlch  no  ministry  Wotrid  be  wil- 
ling to  meet,  however  pressing  the  exigency  might  bb.  They  oflbr- 
pd,  however,  <mi  the  part  of  Great>Britaln,  to  paia  laws  making  it  penal 
pr  British  commanders  to  impreu  American  cltiaensi  on  board  of  A* 
lerican  Teasels,  on  the  high  seas,  if  America  #ould  pass  a  law,  ma- 
king it  penal  ftrr  the  officers  of  the  United  Statei  to  gt«nt  certifloatea  tS 
|tizenship  to  British  aulriectsi  Thii  will  be  ibund,  in  tho  same  docu- 
lents,  in  a  tetter  fiom  Messrs.  Mdnroe  and  Pinkney  to  Mr.  Madlsol^ 
ited  llth.Noyiemler,  1806.  Under  their  peremptory  instructions^ 
lis  proposition,  on  thepart  of  Gfeat-Britalo,  could  not-ba  acceded  to 
our  tiiinistet*i.  Such,  howeter,  was  th6  tefaiper  and  aniiiaiy  of  Eag- 
ind,  and  snth  the  candor  ahd  good  sense  of  our  miniiters,  that  an  hm- 
rdbleand  advMtagemta  arrangement  dfd  tttkefitdce:  The  authority  of 
Tr.  Monroe,  then  mlnittiBr  at  the  cobrt  of  Great-Britain,  now  Secreta- 
•f  State,  and  one  of  the  present  administration,  who  have  recom^* 
ended  war  with  Englatid,  rod  assigned  impressments;BS  a  cause,  sup^ 
>rts  the  undersigned  in  asserting,  that  it  was  honorabte  tad  advantage* 
js :  for  in  a  letter  from  ftichmcMid  dated  the  88th  of  Jfebruanr,  18(^8^ 
Mr.  Madisoh,  the  fdllbwing  expressions  are  Jused  by  Mr;  Monrod, 
I  have  on  the  dohtrary^  always  berieved  and  still  do  beltete  that  the 
ground  oh^htoh  that  interest  (impressment)  was  placed  by  tthe  pa- 
per etf  the  British  Commissioners  of  9th  November,  1806,  and  the 
explanation  which  accompanied  it,  woe  both  honorable  and  advantage' 
oua.ta  the  United  State*,  that  it  contidned  a  concession  in  their  fiivor 
on  the  part  oft^i^at-Britain,  on  the  great  principle  in  contestation, 
never  before  mads  by  u  formal  and  obligatorv  act  of  their  government 
which  waa  highly  favorable  tp  their  interest.'* 
With  the  opinion  of  Mi*.  King  so  decidedly  expressed,  with  the  off- 
il  admission  of  Mr.  Madigon,  with  the  ex|Ucit  dMlaration  ofMr. 
lonroe,  all  cohdirring  that  Gr^at-Britatn  )ra8  ready*  to  abandon  im- 
Essmeut  on  ihe  bigli  seas,  and  with  an  jionorable  and  adrantageoui 
rraiMttment,  actually  made  by  Mr.  Monroe,  how  can  it  be  pretended, 
|lat  aU  hope  of -eeUlement,  by  trftty,  has  failed  i  how  eta  ibii  subfeci 
Imish  a  proper  cause  of  war  ? 
•B 


■i 


• 

^  AViilb  r^spjECt  to  the  tubiect  of  Uockadcf  i  the  furiliiaple  of  the  hVr 
of  i^ions,  a»«nertcd  by'ltic  U.  Sbite«»  iit  tbiii«  UerluHb  cm  onljr  to 
jMitij^d  when  uip|>ort«:<l  ^  en  afhcqiittc  tbvtx.  Ui'tMiiff  thi» ,  pri Aci-> 
^ |i  tiilinUt<;fd  |^  G|reat  Britoin.  It  itt  eliedgedi  l>dyrevrr»  IbtAinfiruC' 
licAjihe  dieivgarde  that  principle. 

"Pittoriderof  blockadt:)  which  Ket  been  mude  e  tpeelfic  ghwndef 
cempltarit,  by  Fniice)  it  that  of  the  ifith  of  M«y  lM6.  Ifet,  etrange  ai 
H  Di>a^  aeem,  tbis  drUety  which  iat  now^  made  one  j^Uiid  of  wur  be* 
t,««eifr  the  twf>  cottntii^a  wa»,ac  ihe  time  of  ha  firat  batting,  rteWe^  as 
an  aot<^fM>x»r  and  cQtacilUAi6ti.  On  tbia  aaiijict  it  i«  neceaaary  to  be 
cxpiieit  The  vague  and  indeterthtnate  nanHcri  In  whicht  the  American 
ai^l  French  goVertimentai  In  their  elBdalpaitera,  apc«h  of  this  order  of 
Id^ckade,  ia  cilcUktud  to  misleads  An  iniportance  is  attached  loit^ 
ofwhich^  in  the  opinion  of  the  utideraigned)  tk  is  not  worthy.  Let  the 
^tpta  weal^i  ibr  t^^maelTcs. 

In  Aug.  Ift04,  the  British  estaUislled- a  blockade  at  the  entrance  of 
t^  French  ^Tts,  naming  thenit  fi'Mli  Fecamp  to  OsMnd ;  and  from 
ih^l*  proximity  to  the  finUrfi  coasts,  and  the  absence  of  all  coosplaih^ 
we  may  be  permuted  to  believe  that  it  was  a  icgal^tockade)  enlcfln^  ac- 
cordjing  to  the  usai^eso^  nations.  On  the  t^th  of  Ma^i  1^06}  the  En.' 
gjish  Secreta|ry  of  Stalci  Mr.  Fox*  notified  to  our  Minister,  at  1i6nden, 
thMbtsgovcrnnient  had  thought  fit  to  direct  neceaaary  meostires  to 
betukcti  for  the  blocKade  of  the  coaatst  Hveta  and  porta,  from  the  river 
J^  to  the  river  Brest^  both  ifidiisive.* 

\,.|n  pdrfnteffiMt)  ae  the  terms  tiaed  ih  the  order  wtilahow,  this  pa- 
piit  wMch  hai'become,  a  aubetintive  and  avowed  cause  fiu*  non4ttter- 
(tflturse,  embargo  and  war*ir  »  blMhade,  onljr  (^  the  phupea,  on  the 
I'tehch  co«at,  from  Oatend  to  the  Seiito,  and  even  aa  ti>  these  it  is, 
ineriiy  aait  professes  to  be»A  conitnuaneeof  afiyrmerand  exit^iun|; 
ttockadcs  For  with  respect  to  the  remdue  6f  the  scoast,  trad^  of  neu* 
Irala  is  admitted,  with  the  exception  on}y»<^ehiemy's  propertf  ari4  ar* 
ticlea  contraband  of  watr,  which  are  liable  to  be  taken,  withotit  a  iriloek- 
nde}  aitd  except  the  direct  edkmial  trddeofthe  enctny,  which  Gre^t 
iBritain  denied  lb  be  ^ree  by  tf|C  ik#  of  nations.  Why  th^  Order  wat 
f bus  e3ttended|>  in  its'fbt^i  plUie  in  e0ect  it  added  hothihg  toorderi 
and  regulaiionsf  alitady  existing,  will  be  knoiwii  hi^  adverting  topapen, 
Which  are  before  the  world.  In  1 866,  France,  had  yet  colonies  and  the 
voiind  indicted  of|  our  leettngs,  by  the  interference  of  the  British  &^ 
%emnM^t  in  our  trade;  with  those  comoiea,  had  be^  the  cause  of  re* 
tnonftraAce  and  negotiation.  At  the  moment  when  the  order  of  May 
180^,  WaA  made,  Mr.  Monmie,  the  present  Sixretary  of  Stale,  then  oiir 
minister  ]^rtipotentiary  aft  thd  Court  of  Great  Britain,  waa  in  treaty  on 
the  iiubject  of  the  currying  traden  f'^^  \^9^t  ^  ^  "P^f  *nd  at  the 
tiittie,  he,  uiiibeMiaUnglyv  gave  his  opinion,  that  the  order  Was  piadc  to 
favor  Ameriqan  viewa  and  intereata.  '.  This  Idea  is  aneqoivocally  ex- 

•  TketemMttf  t1l«6fd«ratcth«K  *  That  th«iald0oa«t,riV«n  and  poftiaiait 
be  coDsidared  aa  Uookada^^'  but,  **  that  tacb  btoekad*  ihaU  not  extend  K»  pmh 
irtfA  neatial  iki#f  «ad  vsuelfl,  laden  with  §uo«li^.  aal  hoag  the  pfO|icity  of  hi* 
aw4HJljrj>  Wfniesi  aid  ao|  Jeiaf  eiptmlMM^  of  mt^  fhMt  appraachiai  tha  aaid 
ooaitf  and  eoteriag  into  Wd  tailiagjiroai  the  said  nven  aid  fioite  Mva  eail  «*•' 
eqirihe  cent, tiverl and l^otfs  firoai  <mend  to tlie nvcTSenie,  already  i« a  rtale 
or  uttict/aad  tigoioas  Moekade ;  vaA  vMch  are  to  b«  ceaildered  at  to  conthi- 
wM^"  witH-a  pMViM, -thai  the  rce«el*  eaterini  had  net  been  hides  at  a  poet  be* 
lOBiBai  to,  ee  iayowewlan  o^  the  oieaiet  of  Oreafc-Britaia,  aad  the  tesaels  d^ 
punb^vm  ad  deitiasd  l^jsa  lacaiy  pert,  or  hadpravioaily  l»oken  blockada." ; 


»is< 


m 


-•  .^""'MWSS^ 


tptple  of  the  laMr 
u4»  can  ohlv  Ibo. 
«ttr)r  tliis.prmci^ 
:ver»  thtxtnfirac' 

pecffic  fphwiWtiof 
.  iTeli  strange  a& 
round  of  WW  be* 
oKiiDg,  Tieire4  '^ 
I  nccewiiry  to  be 
icl^  the  American 
il(ofthtaor(|et>of 

is  attaoMtoit^ 
vorthy.  Let  the 

St  the  entrance  of' 
3«ti£nd ;  and  from 
aofallconfiain^ 
ka4e)  eiifon^  bc- 
a?t  l406}the£n^' 
nistert  at  Ldndoni 
•sarjr  measures  to 
rtS}  from  the  river 

rin  show,  this  pa- 
iU8«  fi>r  non4ttter- 
le  ptoces)  on  the 
n  as  t«>  these  it  is, 
tnerand  e]ciitm$^ 
oasti  trad^  of  nieu- 
M  propertf  ail4  ar> 
ii,withotitaiido^- 
ttofi  which  Gre^t 
rhf  tht  Order  wat 
hbtbihg  to  orders 
lverttn|(topa{M:r«^ 
it  cokmies  and  the 
of  the  British  g^* 
m  the  catt8«  t>f  re* 
the  Older  of  May 
of  State,  then  our 
a,  was  in  treaty  on 
be  spoti  >^d  at  the 
order  Wfis  ^adc  to 
uneqaivoMlly  ex- 

tiVsnamlpoftsata* 
ilI«alcil«BdK»pi«' 
Uw  piopctljof  his 
ppraacbiat  th*  aaid 
IJpoftttsM  vw**- 
ncf  sircaxtytaa  fMn 
laiderad  m  w  contin- 
■  ladcn  alaport  bc^ 
HftadUM  t«sNl8  4c*i 
ybiofccablockaat.*'; 


«■•« 


[pressed,  in  Mp,  MoairOfVIette?*  tp  Mr.  Madison  of  the  17th.  and  itOtV 
[dt  May  <  and  of  the  9th  of  June,  1806 

And  as  V«te  as  Octt^,  1  f)  1 1 ,  the  same  Gentleman,  writing  ts  (^q*^ 

tretary  ofState  tothe  British  minister,  sp.  .hin^fif  the  s^me  order  of 

blocluide  of  li^y,  1 009,  siys,f*  itjuidtly  was  little  mort;  th«Q  a  blfifk^' 

|fade  ofihecdastfiPomSein^toOBtehd.f*  **  The  object  waa  to  afibrd  to 

the  tJnitediitatet  on  accommodation  respecting  the  colonial  trade.'* 

It  appears,  tbeny  that  this  orderi  was,  m  point  of  fact,  made  to  ifrbr 

jr  trade  and  was  so,  understood  and  admitted  by  the  government,  of 

»is  country,  at  that  time  and  since;  that,  Instead  of  extending  jptrfoc, 

lockades  it  l«ascfn«d  them  ;  thst  the  cotintry.from,  Seine  to  Brest*  and 

»m  Ostend  to  Elb«i  was  inserted  to  open  thenTto  our  colonial  trade 

'  for  our  aeconnnibdation,  and  that,  it  was  never  made  the  subject  of 

)miriaint,  by  the  American  government  during  its  practical  «ontin,u« 

ince  ;  that  iS|  not  until  t'le  first  ot^r  }n  council ;  and  indeed  not  unti} 

\sr  the  ist  of  May  18  to  ; .  uiid  uniil  after  the  Ameiican  government 

^as  aj^prieed  of  the   ground,  which  it  Was  the  will  of  France  shoiulil 

talien  upon  the  subject. 

Of  this  we  havjp  the  moat  decisive  proof,  in  the  oflers,  made  tinder' 
le  administration  of  Mr.  JdTerson,  for  the  discQI^nuiance  of  the  Em* 
irgo  as  it  related  to  Great  Britain  ;  none  of  which  required  the  i|^<' 
ttl  of  tite  blockade  of  May  1806;  and  also  in  the  arrangement  Aiade 
luring  the  administration  of  Mr.  ^ladison,  and  under  his  eye  with  M^^ 
Urskine.    The  nonMntercotirse  act  of  March  1809,  and  the  act  **  ctOi-''^ 
cerping  commercial  intercourse"  of  May  1810,  vest  the  President  of 
lie  United  States  with  the  very  same  power,  in  the  very  sanut  terms/ 
>ttt  authorise  him  "  it>  ci^se  either  Great  Britain  ^r  France  shall  so  nit- 
|yoke  or  modify  her  edicts,  as  that  they  shall  ceasp  to  violate  the  nevv' 
|trai  commerce  of  the  United  |^tates"to  dedarethe  same  by  DroctamaV 
on.    And  by  the  pixivisiQns  of  one  law  in  such  case,  non  in^ercours^^ 
IS  to  cease  ;  by  those  of  ther  other  it  was  to  be  revived.    In  cons<}#' 
lence  of  power  vested,  by  the  first  apt,  the  ari^angement  with  l^rskine 
its  made  and  the  revocation  pf  the  orders  \n  councU  of  XanUary  and 
»vember  1807,  was  f:6nsid6red  as  a  full  compliance  with  the  isw  and 
removing  alUhe  ahti*neutral  edicts.    The  blockade  of  ^M^y  1906, 
IS  not  included  in  the  arrangement,  and  it  does  not  appear,  that  it 
jiras  deentedof  sufficient  importance  to  engage  even  a  thotight.    Xe% 
nder  the  act.  of  May,  1810,  which  vests  the  very  same  power,  arevo- 
ition  of  this  blockade  of  May,  1806,  is  made  by  our  cabinet  a  tine  gm. 
pn;  an  indispensible  reqniute  !  And  now,  after  theBritish  minbter 
lisdirqctly  avowed  that  this  order  of  blockade  would  not  continue  alliif 

'.he  folloving  aie  extracts  Aron  thsM  letters.    In  that  of  the  f  Tth  Maj,  iSQfi  i 
thus  ipcaki  of  thatUoekads    Itia  **  coasheil  in  termiiorr««traiBt  aadptaftst 
I  to  exlmd  *^^  blockade  farther  than  was  heretofore  done,  nevertkelett  it  Hikes 
Trom  mtmj/  jiorft,  ojb-ea^  UtekaitJl,  indM,  from  all  East  of  On  end,  and  Wert  ef 
I  Sfliae,  exeept  in  artiekRedntraband  of  war  and  cnenies  propertj,  S'hH:k  am: 
-^hle  without  Wockadf(i~And  in  Ijkf  form  of  excejptioh,  cofitiderifg  Keiy ' 
ay   ai  eae  fKiwcr«  itadnuts  the  trade  of  niirtrati^  vHhiii  the  aaiae  KmHs,  to 
Kreein  ths  prodadioiisof  encqucf  olonies,  in  every,  h^Uiadiyaetipn^tlHH 
'iea  the  Coloay  and  th«  parent  coantry."    Mr.  Monfoa  addik,  «•  It  ouinpt  lia 
■bted  that  the  note  was  drawn  by  the  gOTemmeat,  hi  tsTereaee  4<uh^  qosi^bii, 
I  if  inteadfd  as  the  fqnndaiion  af  a  treaty  amst  be  vftacd  m  a^'^ton^ 
bt.«    On  the  40lh  of  May,  Mr.  Monroe  wriMitoMr.  Kadiian,  thnnielal' 
atrngtheaed  iathe  Opinion  that  the  order  of  the  f6tt  tiM  4^vn  irM-% 
|»w  to  the  ^esttoii  of  oatttade  with  Mieniiei  coloniMi  and  ^t  it  PTQwiii^lo, 
'  hi|^1y  satiiractaiy  toovrcoamiereiaMnttriste,'*  ''.       ' 


t^fiiem^ 


1% 


I 


•  reTOMtion  df  Uie  oif^brs  fo  council,  nUhpiit  a  ^we  «pp|fcatioivof  U) 
fkle<{uate  Sotcti  t)ie  existence  pi  this  blockadet  U  iiiuatad  upon,  aa  ii 

i*ust^&b!^  cau;^  of  ^vafyXidUTithstoxidingth^ta^rgoveriiaioJUii.  admits  a 
dookade  b  logid)  to  the  mainteoancp  q|  wlucb  an  adequate  force  i&  •!>• 
I^ed.  •■  '*'•■■...■■    '/  ■ 

Thenaid^gtied  are  a«a|ei  that*  in  jui^tatioa  of  this  new  ground* 
it  is  now  said  that  .tke  pxtensifm  on  papevt  &r  whatever  purpose  in* 
tendd^iavpra  the  principle  of  |Hiper  blocka^s.  Thia  however,  can 
liarAjr  be  urged, 'ainoe  the  B^tishtf  fonnally,  disavow  the  principle  ;. 
and  ^ncethejr  acknowledge,  the  vcrjr  doctrine  of  the  law  (^nations, 
far  which  the  American  administration  contend,  henceforth^  the  exis4 
tenceofa  blockade  becproes  a  quea^onof&ct»  itmifst  depend  upoii 
the  evidence  i(dduced,  in  auppoit  of  the  adequacy  pf  the  Uockadiog 
JForqe.  ■>•  .-■.',•  '•"     ■ 

From  the  preceding  statement  it  ^s  apparent,  that  Whatever  there  is 
objecttMiable^  in  the  princi|de  of  tho  order  of  May  1806,'  or.  in  the 
practice  under  it,  on  ground  merely  American,  it  cannot  b^  set  up  as  a 
fufBdem  cause  of  war ;  for  until  France  pointed  it  out,  as  a  cfuse  of 
Controversy,  it  was  so  far  fi?om  being  regarded,  as  a  soqrce  of  any  new, 
or  grievous  complaint,  that  it  was  actually  considered^  by  our  govenw 
ment,  in  a  fevorable  light. 

The  British  Orders  in  Coiincil  are  the  remaining  source  of  discon* 
tent,  uid  avowed  ca^se  of  war.  These,  have,  heretofore,  been  consid- 
ered, by  our  government  in  connexion  with  the  French  decrees.  Cer> 
-*?inly,  the  British  Orders  ip  Council  an(l  French  decrees,  form  a  sys* 
tem  subversive  of  neutral  rights  and  constitute  just  grounds  of  com- 
plaint,  yet,  viewed,  relatively  t6  the  condititm  pf  those  powera  towards 
eachHDther,  and  of  the  United  States  towards  botb^  the  undersigned 
Cannot  persuade  themselves  that  the  Orders  in  Council,  as  they  now 
exist  aiid  with  thei^  present  effect  and  opera^tion,  justify^the  selection  of 
Qreat  Britain  aiil  our  enemy  ;  and  render  necessary  a  declaration  of 
unqualified  wan 

Every  consideratloii  of  mpral  duty^  and  political  expedience,  seefne 
tp  cflttcwin  warning  the  United  States,  not  to  mingle  m  thia  hopeless, 
mid,  to  human  eye,  interminable  European  contest.  Neither  France, 
norEngli^,  pretends  that  their  aggressiops  can  be  .defended,  on  the 
ground  of  any  other  belligerent  right,  than  that  of  pwticular  necessity. 

Both  attempt  to  justify  their  encroachments,  on  the  genera!  law  of 
nations,  by  the  plea  of  retaliation. '  In  the  relative  position,  and  pro- 
portion of  "trength  of  the  United  States,  io,e|ther  belligerent,  there 
Iq^ared  little  probabDtty,  that  we  could  cotnpel  the  one,  or  the  others 
by  hostile  operations,  to  abandon  this  plea. 

And  as  the  field  of  commercial  enterprise,  after  aUowing  to  the  de- 
crees and  orders,  their  full  practical  effect,  is  still' rich  and  extensive^ 

*  Mr.  FoM«r  in  bit  letter  of  the  Sd  Jaly,  tUl  to  Mr.  Moarbe  tha^i  lUtea  tbs 
doctrine,  muntained  bj  his  goyeniineiit' 

**  Oreat-Britdn  has  nev^  attempted  to  dispute  that,  in  the  ordinary  coarse  of 
the  Xvn  ti(  itatiOBS,  no  Uoekade.can  h^  jnAti&ible  or  valid,  onleNit  be  niitpor-. 
^  l^  all  **  a<l^eqttat«  force  diertiae^  to  maiitaiii  it  a^  to  ezpoie  to  hazard  alt 


yeMd*  attanptiBg  to  fvade  it?  operation,^' 


•♦  Mr;F«Ur 


ipting 
larin 


if  the  S6lh  July,  181f,  also  says,  The 


lar  n  his  Ijrtter  to  Mr.  Monioe  oi 
blockaAi'fBtlllur  1006,  irilFp^  continne  after  the  reveal  of  the  ordors  in  conp 
C9  vnless  Ills  Mll^etty*^  fovaminent  shaltl  think  fit  fo  sustain  It  by  the  special 
amflcatioii  of  a  isafident  naval  forc^  and  the  ft^iit  cfftlf  bciiur  to  CMitiiraea,  at 
^S5«Mbe«otii«latthatin!^.»»  ?     •  ^'^    •'     a    -v  •••' .  ^  .^ -Jj  i^',  .•  ^;  •.  i^' 


,..'«.>, .itJWJiMit 


larbe  tb«^  itatea  Chf 


■••M   • 

aeem^a^tfUulewMwps        .^t;u»i  to  j^idd,  iiolld  and  oemiQ 
ilies,  for  vnatjU'maUiB  pi;et)nsio>   .  ^  Th«  rij|^.««f ;T«l«lill|iii|  «t «x«    ^ 
Ing,  in  eUh«rb«llJna;«iit^il  WMimpowii^^  fiptstkc  Unilcd^9t«tei,dni^ 
]teDt,  Mrith '  eitlwr  u.%  duty*  Oft  |tt$cpram,  tl^  »dh»H.  ( v  ¥«|„0«oli  WM  ti)«. 
of  the  decrea,  and  ptAefti  Ui«  fM^ctive  beUig«rcM%tih  Mli^ 
to  th«  rijElij^ of ncillkf«d% tlMi^licMlflb  W  Oi^ «»•  |i,liM>#ilit«l»l4  Ilia    , 
Ication^^feitbeft,  ••iNi.tl^  QtbopH  «(^ 
a  compbi^  jilAi^CBtio^  to  th«  y^^  in  imiiiilidfilQyi 

nthataoding  thci$ f«u;nwdbix«eiM;S|i|)royidM^  iibeil  MtfbportedwiSi 
r  interests,  that  syittaw  of  iin(farii«|<  n«atr«lity».  whif  h  «MK>.4eslnibltt 
jieir. peace  and  praaperity^   Vof;,iif  ilifWq}4be"adWtt;isd>whi8|i<'«iO 
se  of arguiiQent'caninaifttaiOitiiajt the  Berlin  dtere«|»J|rt^     iMtli^ 
on  tile  S  1st  «f  ^open^*  1^(>6}  ^«s  j)ist#ft«d^i  tbjf  itii*  ant«o«dant 
rs  of  the^ritisKa4n>iraI|y»(i^pe«ting  the  ediqwal  trade)  and  1^ 
'order  of  blockade  of  the  16th  of  MRy»pree«diQgi  yetf'.Mr'tiuarac'' 
St,  there  resfUtpd  naTightof  rBtaliationtA  Fcm^ci,  j  anit  reil|k«clied 
tUmted  Sutes.    Tl*^yMd  expressed  bo  miqi^QscaMe^eklMEF  in^tfte 
ish  interferf npe  withy|he  QoloDia}  ir|Milei,orTin  ^eny^extewaioo^  «f  iIm- 
eijries  of  Uopkade.'  -Besides,  haU  thtr^  bceo  any  .such  ne|^|nM^;«n 
irt  oCthe  Unit^  ^es)  a»  mr^rr^iUfd  the  Ffeocli  »n]|p«r<9  Innd^* 
his  principle  of  retaiiati9ia»  yet  in  the.exerciaa  of  that  ptt/m&t 
itv  he  past  the  hpunds  of  Jhoth  puhti^  law  and  decency  i.iii^dbi>iilii 
extravagance  of  Ibat  exercifee,'  lost  the  advantngefof  -lihMtfev 
ir  the  British  h^  a&rded  to  iua  pretencea.,   Ki9tcontei^  nitib 
pUng  a  prindt^le  of  retaQatioB*  inttr«i%limHed,  andnpi^rspriat^ 
B  injury  of  which  he.  corophuned,  b»  diBcfatred,-'' iU  ths;  BcUiaIr 
inds,  inAstate.«fhloclcade;  -pra^ibited  idl  cotfi]naerce  andcsnrrent 
adence  with  them,  nil  trade  in ,  thcii;  manufactures  ;!^  and  made  biw<' 
prize  of  all  merchandize,  belonging  to  England  nr  eomingr  ^fram^ 
roanufactwies,  and  ooloniea.*',    The  violence  of  these 'eneteaeh* 
ka  was-  equalled  only  by  theinudiousnessof  the  teraBS^an^nuui* 
|in  which  they  were  proyuuIga|ted« ;  Th^  scope  oi  the  exfrniteakMB* 
Berlin  decree,  was  t^igiineral  th«(  itvmbriBced  withio^  l|,s  jnfcert^ 
rh(^  commerce  nfneiurab  ^ith  England.    YevDccres^  jlwiistcr 
iMaUneofFrance,  by  •  formal  note,  pf  ^e  34th  Dccembfr^  1606, 
td  our  minister  ^Plenipotentiary,  that  the  in^perial  dccci<v  of  ^  . 
I^^ovember,  lQ06t  ^  tvis*  not  in  qffeci  our  commenet  wMekwrnld , 
11  be  governed  by  ifie  ruie$  qf,,:  th^Jrea^i  estabUsbed  between  iAr/«r6 
triee.*^.      Notwithstanding  this  assurance,  however,  on  the  18tfr« 
tembei*  following,  Regnier,  Grand  Ministfif  of  j)istic0»  declared 
u  tbeiruentiqina^the  JStnfieror^ere  fbmt^  by^rft^  qf  ikat  deerefi^  / 
rench'ar^edv^iaelsy  might  seize  in  rieutral  veaeels^  either  EngK$hftr9* 
rty^  or  mer^bandisefirteeeiting.Jromtfi^  £ngUth   manujuctori^  ; 
that  h^  had  reserved,  Jbr  Jitture  deeidem  ihe  §i*eetionvAether  tbep 
fht  not'  fioaaevs  tbetnaeivee  <(f  ^neutral  yeaaela  going  tOy  or  from  Engt 
if  although  tbey  had  no  Magii^b  t^amufacturet  on  board."    Pretcn# 
I  soobviou^lj^  exceeding  i^jr.,jmea»ureof  retaliaticm  <nnt,  if  thqr-^ 
Ment  acts,  of  the  British  government,  hafiifibrded  to  wck  a.  irc<*^ 
^,  any  colouRi^rigbt,  i$«rafkN||  in  ti)^«kilenc«ej  and  tMiaavagaice 
hcse  assumed  prhtciples.,    v .  ^j'   >' - , "' ■ '^-'  :i  •■       ;"•■-••;  r:'! -v-;-:- 
fo  the  ^erlin  decrefs  stiicceede^theiBritish  ofdera  inoounclU^tlie 
^f  ^9nttary,j807iwbich  ween,  merged  in  theordeittof^e  Vlth  of ; 
rmp^^ier .following.  These  dedirdi '^  all  ports,  and  places  beknginfi^^ 
rrraocci.lindito  allies,  from  whiSh  the  Britiih 4ag  mm  iBxelQded> 


1^ 


I'  lii 


hi! 


.i;i 


h 


I' 


^'■'fSk  In'  Ujl  ^bIm  tS  hit  BrkMiic  iDtjeitjr't  eiKmt^i  iii »  state  < 
<*  U«4u4*»  (-^proMbitingjMI  timd«i  in  t^|K«dtlc«.l|n4  rajMuifacturei! 
**  of  tb«  add  couiitrtet  or  eeloAieii  and miUn^  til  ^8«cl«t  trf()in(c  t^ 
**  or  ^toimf  tlifi%  and  all  mtiiMMlNi* «» iKMr^  wbject  to  capturo  m 
^con^iimM!^  wilh  an  e«^i|ttioti|  oilly  In  %roii^;  of  the  direct  tm^ 
**  betvmn  MiitnleoiiMiM.4i|iNi(k  fal(ji||iyi|]iit  in^iity'a  enemle*.' 

THcse  ^iti^vaiiaQt  inraivnipfi,  1^ 
lti|iiiadiatd)r  auccnaded  lif  o^li^  ^  im€>m(tnapm»  on  the  pan 
ofl^ncis,  WItlioai  waidagrikf.  apj  ItnpurlMjBB  of  tfce  cowie,  tt 
Aaaericini  goveM^mani  woiiM  )idi«,  in  ftl«^  to  dit  Uritiali  ordei 
ia  council,  the  Frandi  HwparoK,  Ufjiad*  9n  Hio  irth  of  Ba^mber  fd 
louring^  kia  l^ilan  daeraatv^  adiieb  **  atvinf  afab  of  wlwlever  naiioi 
«*  which  ahail  ha^  auhfnitted  to  aaaaeht  hf  ail  Bngiisli  ibip,  or  to  i 
*'  foimge  «o  England,  ,or  paid  any  itm  la  ttMi»go«ti|n«i«nt>  are  declared 

^  tike  Bi^itish  Ia<ands  are  daclarad  in  a  ata^  of  jbloehi^e,  bf  «aa 
"  land,  and  every  ahip  of  whatevor  nftipn^  or  whataoaveir  the  naturt; 
<*  ita  cargo  i«ajf  |b«|4hat  aaila  fi^om  Englan^  oiMhoae  of  the  Engliah  r.ol>' 
''oQiaa^  or  ofcountrieaoecuDM  h^;  BogKah  teoopa,  and  pt;oceeding  i 
**f£n{^bnd,  or  to  the  l^ngliah  col«mJBra»  09  to  courttrios  occnpied  by  tt 
^f  feigSahi  to  be  good  prife.^  fhe  nature  and  ei^tf  ht  of  these  injurieJ 
tiMiaaccwnu^cd  hjr  mutval  ager«|  of  both  i)iel%ereiita,  aremed  ti 
teach  the  American  atateaman  thia  important  leaaoo  ;  not  to  attacbj 
Ihft  dAttae  offhia  eoin)i|i7  to  oojp^  ur  the  eSdier ;;  but  bf  ajratenHitic  ^n& 
aolid  proylaiMay  I&p  ^i9mk:fii4  n«rftian»de{fence,;  lo  place  it^  imerj 
cntSvM futiM ila  aituatkm^  _m4  jraaQajreca  poftnit, bayond the  r^ach  qfi 
Ui^  rqMcaqri  or  amWtion  of  any/  Suropofn  Ixnrer.  Happy  would  i^ 
hvm  been  for  our  jouctry*  if  a  o^inrae  of  poltciTf  eo  stinple  and  obvi^ 
puat  had  been  adoiMted  i        .  ^   ,  ' 

tJnflbrtunatcly  administration  had  i^urae  to.  a  system,  complicated 
inka  Mtu|«,  wd  destrpMtive  in  Its  c|l^tsj  which  instead  of  relief;^ 
Stw^  tho  accunittlated  injuriea  pfibrelgn  governmenta  aerted  only  to  fid 
upt'irluttiraa  araaiting  in  the  oieaMire  of  tyila  iA)roadi  by  artiflicial  enni 
barraaaiiienta  at  home.    As  l/^ngagOr  as  the  year  17944  Mr.  Madiii 
son,. the  present  Preddent  Of  the  United  Stafea»  fhen  a:iiiemberQfthe^ 
Hoiiae<rf;I^preseiitative8»,devlsed  ai^propoaeda  ^slein  of  commercii 
rvstrictione,  wjhich  had  for  iu  object,  thtcoerdon  of  Great  BritM|l,.by 
denial  to  Htf  (^our  prodoctaand  o(Wr  mprfcet ;  aipertiag  that  the  foH 
mer  waa,  in  a  manner  eaKittial  to  harproaperity,  either  as  neeeu 
aaiiea  of  life,  or  as  raw  matci^ala  lor  her  mapufiiriBtttreii ;  and*  that  with<| 
out  the  latter^  a  grdit  proportlip  other  taboMriiig  p|«iles,  could  qo 
anbsisc. 

In  that  day  of  aaga  and  virtnOMa  forethought*  the  proppiUtion  wa«^ 
rejected.    It  remaimd,  however  a  thanae  of  ui^ceai4ng  panegyric  amoagj' 
an  active  class  of  Amtuican  potWciana,  whawith  a  a^stematic  pertinai 
city  inoukatedamonf^  the  people*  thai  eominereialreatrictiona  were  4 
apeciaa  of  warfitra*  which  would  aMUra  auccesa  to  Mm  V*  Stataay  an^ 
hunnlillwnlo'Onttt-Britatn.    .     -^^--^J  K'^^;.' >>*>-?/},' :,• 

There  wove  two  cir^mataaoea',  InheMM  Itt  flda  il)Fal«m  of  coefcinKl 
Oreat^&itain  by  commercial  reatrietiona,  which  ought  to  have  madel 
practiearpoliticiaiis*  veiy  ^btfid  of  ita  result,  and  very  ctutions  of! 
its  triaL  .  These  were  the  state  of  opinion  in  retatioii  to  its  efficacyj 
among  tommardal  men,  in  the  United  States  ;  and  the  Mate' of  fieelingi 
v.'hi«ha  retort  tq  it  wi^ld  unafoidably  produce}  in  Qre«t-Britaim    Qnf 


,;..-•  *^B«*«»«*j| 


■■'%§ 

I  one  hand,  it  wm  undeniable  that  the  ptM  body  of  tommcrcia)  n^eti^ 
lie  U  Statcff  Md  no  belief  in  inch  a  dependancc  of  Great-Biittbf 
[ill  tbeUnitcd  tkhteiH  eitberfbr  oiu*  jpraduce)  ib^  cmr  knarl^eif  is  the 
bA  inipKM*  ' 

Without  ibe  feiiartj  eo'Opienition  ef  this'elaas  of  nen»  a<icccM  in 
UteiBjH  #ai^y>Miil3r  <ii»iiteinible.  Aild  aa  on  thfiA  the  <bi^f 
Irinf  woiild1k|lj  1^  %rM  •i^i|(ttlhtr  iiiireatonabli  to.<isne%  tiwt  tfier 
'  Itecome  cd^^jpiiiiiM  'fnAruiiienl»  in  sMpDort  ^f  any  ayatem« 
was  ruin  tto  tbettk,  eMWitheiit  ktpe  to  thi^r  coUJDitit.  Oh  the 
HMd,  as  itircqpi^ts  Oi«at*Britain,c « tystem  j^eedine  upon 
^•ed  piioei)^  of  her  dep^ndal^e  titkMi  fis  #«i 'aiiihiig  (he  li^ti 
hijch  «  proud'attd^  pO#6rfld  iMition  irottid  y^^  "      ; 

bfwithstonditigtheleohVlbiia  tolissdclttiohht  ii^,^i^  fiXi^'W* 
iloni  b^ng  then  S«er«tai7  OfState/a  lav  pMd  Cdhg|^M|i^^ 
Ing  the  imtMMriatioii  bf  ti^fttkiik  speidiSed'  maniiiadttres  at  CHdi- 
iin,and  her  depcndenelm  on  the  ha&  df  Mr.lMadistHi^  ojrlgiiial 
lition.  Thtts  the  tMled'Stitc^ihiered  on  the  aysteiti  o^  ^ii^<^. 
ilhoMilitf  ^instG1ttat^B»itaiii.  /^^v 

s  decree  m  Berlin  #aa  iasned  ih  the  cnsoiug  Noven^wii^  (iio^l* 
treaty,  vhieh  had  hediilgMcf  it  London*  hk  Dec.  180^  KiK^  ^ 
reieetcd  t^  Mr.  Ufknon^i  vhhtilit  being  tireseiiUd. to  the  %Afi|i« 
aUncation*  and  the  ncOMmjpdrtatioii  act  not  beit^  repedec^  bitf  oQ- 
jBpendediO.  %iMi|i  iicaed  h^r  lurdeH  ih  co^cU^  jpto  \^|;  1 1^^^^ 

,«mber/180r/"'^^'-V^'^'''^''^"'''- ■■■'^'  ''■'''  ■■  '        '    '"''"'' ^  ^'T-''*''< 
^n  the2latofthe  iani4 illont)»i  ofl^bv/ChaniMgnyi^^t^^i^ 
^  of  foreign  affursf  wtote  to  Mr.  AnQitWmg  the  Ahli»&#'^fi-: 
I  in  the  words  Jblbwing.    **  AH  the  dfficuroeH^jc^  tum  j|^^ 
b  to  your  reclamatloasi  9il*,  would  be  tem^ved  With  ^^  n  the ', 
refititeni  of  the  Uaiied  dlates»  after  ceuii^hdttittg  "ih  Hrtiii  el  th6 
^sdceaod  violations  of  &lgkadi  took>  witli  ^wliole^mtiiifeitt) 
ptftofguai^teieii^fttheitfirom/'  v 

the  17th  of  the  ensuing  I^ecembert  the  MifaHi  dc^ee  wasbsimt' 
part  of  France,  Atid  l^e  dan  after^nrdsti^  enbargo  was  pas-; 
the  part  of  the  U.  Stafcik    Thus  itras  oimj^iiUi^  bf  acti  nt$4T 
iporaneotts,  the  ctrdtt  df  oomtaerchd  hoitili^es.  ^.        ' 

iv  an  ineficciual  iriid  of  Ibur  yea^  to  conttoul  the  nblicy  ^f  ti>e 
!Uig«>rcnt8  bf  this  syiitetn,  it  wa»ontbe  part  of  tlie  Uiutett  Statesi 
ttime,  telinqufshcd.   The  aA  of  the  1st  of  May^  Ul6,  giire  the 
ity,  howevcartothe  Presideht  of  the  tJ.  States  W  revive  it  againit 
Iritain,  in  0R«e  Fnuipce  revoked  her  decrees.    Such  revocatlony  on ' , 
mof  Fimnce  waadeelaced^by  the  President's  prodamttion  on  the 
lov.  1810,  «tKt,  h)  conseqoeiiee  n<jn4nt«rcMrse  was  reiiiNid  hy  o^r 
knistration,  againat  Great*Biit|tin.  V* 

[aU  times,  the  und«Migtt(^hlVe  lodkedi  with  much  ahxietffbr  tfce 
^e  of  this  revocation^    "thtf  vrisbed  ntft  to  queeiion,  what,  hi  Wr. 
I^fbrms,  has  b«eu  so  often  ibs^Hed  by  tbeadiAihistrstioh«iidlls«iii 
.  by  their  directions.    Biit  nciHlier  as  public  ihctt,  nor  as<iid<fnii| 
iey  consent  that  the  peace  aiid^j[rt'ds^irity  of  the  cqwitty  sffid^dd  be  '^ 
jificed,  in  maintenance  of  a  position,  which  tin  iio  t^ciple'  wcH- 
W  they  deem  tenable.    Th6y  ifftiTtnot  iS»hify,  of  conceal  Meik*  iiiem^ 
[that  the  French  dedrees  neither  have  been,  nor  are  revolted. 
I^ithout  pretending  to  occupy  the  whole  field  of  argument,  whi^i^; 
"iMtion  of  revocation  has^opcn^dj  a  cenois^  statetnchi  seems  fht 
lUe  firom  the  occwion.  - 


H 


A.! 


..^'fkt  cim^tlbil  od  which  th«  tion«ihtetoofii]rs^,aecol-dli)gtolhe  _, 
Ul0t  U&f  l«10»  iiAi|ht  be  feviVed.  tf^iiitt  OreatrBrittki,  wapi  tfn  th 
part  of Fi«llo»t  air ^^Umit^eMon tf  Aer' detrtt:  \Vb»t  t%e  Pred 
dfot  of  the  Ooited  Stat«»w«aL  behind  to  require  from  ibe  Fihnich  gt^m 
iii«flrwui'iiletf«ltf^iif««^^Qeir  eiftdfial  rt^^ktlon.  ,  Ubon  tMt  poiJ 
iMtb  tlSe  figk^  of  theUnit^d  Stjites  and  tH«  d^tf  6f  the  President  seei 
to  b«  reaolfititp  into  Vdfjrdllthsiet  Ic  undefihi  Theohjei 

lolk^Q^>ilied}'fbi*'tli»'V'  ^^«^'^<^<t^  F^<aiiee  iNMlwiA  ^eetual  Ptvacat, 
pi  the'depireM.  "^  A  r^toCkiMR  to  1^  clfeettHiI)  liiust  Inchide,  in  the  i 
tim  of  thtn|8t  thi^  etsentiai  reqtiiike  :-'-the  wrongs  done  to  the  neutn 
cdffi^tToii  of  th^  United  Stateij  hf  ^he  o|>eration  of  the  decrees,  mui 
be  stooped.    N^lng  short  oftfils  cpiild  be  !ui  effectual  revoca'tion  J 
Without  reftKncQ  to  ^ieoChet''w^      rdsulting  frdm  th5se  (f* 
fcvMf  to  the  commfeiictfbf  the'UnitedStiiteiiiit  iHU  be  sufficient 
itateth*  prominent  wrot^  ddnirby  fl)eME(anic!e  of  the  Mihn  decree] 
The  nJMure  of  this  ii4dh«^«lseiititdt)r  ceinsisted  ih  the  ^iUherity  ffhen 
fV^fHtoh  ships  of  trar ithd  tnivattiers  to  lilake^titej  ait  sea,of er^reiy  ne 
itral  voiselv  failing  to,  or  from,  an^  of  the  English  possession's.    The  a 
thorityifar  eajkure  was  <Ke%tri(r  Mkne^  elf  the^rohg-    It  follows  therj 
hiktihatimeJ^(^Ualrev^btion-  required  t/iat  the  hmhontyto  eafitw 
i^Si^kff'timuHedi  Granting,  the^ftre^  fdr  the  siike  of  argumen 
Cl^Mtinwitsteriin^andjits  hpturewas  c^  not  the  case)  th 

fhe«oti^ 'l^wr  dfthelDtfke  of  Cadoreofthe  5thof  August  I8l| 
beld  fi^h  Si jTtfTocation,  good  in  point,of  form,  and  unconditional,  yeti 
iM'itM'l)Jhil^ifk<«MfrvMetfrl(^^'f^^  act  of  1  at  May  iSil 

iloM  VttthjftHfild  the  Prettijddnt'df  the  United  States  to  issue  his  pro' 
llilii^«lt|  «^i^  ^  tm$i^thety  tjM  lettitrt  the  Authority  to  cajfitu 
909  miuUetl. "  Th«  letteritself  !s  nb'aiinufanent  ct  the  authority  to  ca( 
fkiret'Kiul  it  isno^Hdiis,  thkt^ioevidtoee  <^the  annulment  of  this  aj 
Iterity  10  captttfVi'tfvir'hasbeenadduced.  "I'K  has  not  eyim,  been  pia 
IpndedU.   On  the  contrary  there  is  dMsiVt^^'and  almost  daily,  eviden 
«hhe  toiikin^  «^dltehee  dfthis  ao^rity  «d  ca)>ture. 
. 'T4ie«havge  ofekecuttiig  the  delHrcses  bf  ^rttn  arid  Milan  was, 
wt  M  eDneerped  bis  department^  given  bqr  ihe  tehns  of  those  decre 
to  tl^Freneh  minfiter  of  ll^rine.^    According  to  establbhed  prioij 
UM  0f  geiiend  htw,  the  ifhperial  act,  which  gave  the  authority  must  Ij 
annttlled  by  another  jimperitd  act,  equally  formal  aiid  solemn  ;  or,| 
l«ut)fheainhority  to  capture  mustbe  cbuhtermahded  by  some  orda 
'.kfc-  iniiriactidn,  from  the  minister  of  matine.    Nothing  short  of  th 
iofiddaiHinl  the;  authority  according  to  the  rulii'of  the  sea  servul 
Wat  such  ahnulling  act  ever  issued  by  the  FreheK  £mperor?  Wej 
inljf  Mc^  1:6uhtennanding  orderi,  or  instructions,  ever  given  by  ti 
French  n^nister  of  j^n^e  ?  In  ejcercising  a  tniA,  committed  to  hiij 
by  th^  legiskturei  onHTpbint,  so  interesting,  to  the  neutral  commer 
m  thff  t3^nited  States,  and  so  important  to  the  peace  of  the  nation,  v 
It  not  the  duty  of  the  President  to  have  the  e^dence  of  siich  annulmeij 
btfiMre  th%  iisilin^of  any  proclaiiiation  I  Has  he  ^er  insisted  up 

^fliii  avOelk  {•  i|i  tbcM  words : 

<*  Jlrl.JZf.Tli6  Btitish  itltuids  aw  decliuwl  to  be  ia  a  state  of  blodiadc,  1 
**  by  laa4  and  sea.  .^very  ship  ot  wba(«ver  natioB,  or  wfaatsonver  the  nalnrej 
?<  its  cargo  nay  bei  titat  sails  ttom  the  porti*  of  England,  or  thoM  or  the  la 
f*  liA  colotdei  aad  of  th^jsonntries  occnpied  by  English  tcoops  and'preceedij 
^to  Baglud,  or  to  the  English  colonics,  or  to  coiiDtri«9  occnpind  by  E 
"  Uih  Iroiq^  is  good  and  lawful  prize,  a«  contratjr  to  ihtf  pgrcacnt  deciee  aad  i 
**ht  mtpturtd,  Ij/  our$Kp$  qftvdr  or  our  priv«t««r$  tmd  a^judg^  toth*  ca^^ior.** 


•-■**■  tv**%iij>ii«4fMy|^ 


endence  ?  Wm  U  of  iioQoii»eqii!enee  in  the  rehdve  ihuafloii  tif 
country)  u  to  fefcign  poworsj  that  the  regular  evidence  thouM 
eceived  by  our  adndnittratioh  and  made  lUMwn  i  Why  hM  a  mate 
[pf  evidence  eo  obviously  proper^  so  Mmpie»  in  its  nature,  so  level  ta 
apprehension  niid  so  imperiously  -denuuidedt  by  the  oircum* 
esof  the  case)  been  wholly  omitti^}    And  why,  if  the  Beriin 
decrees  are  annulledt  as  is  pretendedtdoes  the  French  Empe> 
rithhold  this  evidtnce  of  their  annulment  i  Why  does  he  withhold 
the  question,  of  revocatiwi  is  presented  under  circumsunces* 
[much  urgency  I 

ik  only  has  it  n^ver  been  pretended  that  any  such  Imparial  act  of 
Iment  has  issued)  or  thai  any  such  orders,  or  inatructions,  cquq-' 
iding  the  authority  to  capturei  were  ever  giveU)  but  there  is  de* 
evidence  of  the  reverse  in  the  conduct  of  the  French  public  armed 
and  privateers.     Ait  all  times  since  Nov.  1810).  these  ships 
Mvateers  have  continued  to  capture  our  vessels  aiid  property)  oii 
ugh  seas,  upon  the  principles  of  the  Berlin  and  Milan  decree*. 
Imerous  list  0|f  American  vesstls;  thus  taken)  unce  the  lat  of  Nov; 
boir  .«txisu  in  the  oCBce  of  the  «iecretar>  of  state  t  and  among  th^ 
iiik  aire  iciVeral  vessels  with  their  car^s,  lately^  taken  and  de^ 
fed)  pi  aea*  without  ^e  fonnali^  of  a  trial,  by  the  commander  of  ■ 
icjji  l^uadtoi^)  at  thi9  moment,  criiizing  against  our  cpromercC)  un*> 
Bhl^ra)'  given  by  the  minister  of  marine,  to  whom  the  ekecution  of 
^ecreeswascominitted }  an^  these  too  issued  in  January  last^    In 
'laltic  and  Mediterranean  seaS)  captures  by  French  privateers  arf^ 
|n  to  us,  by  official  documents  to  have  been  made,  under  the  ai^ 
r  of  the«e  decire^s.    How  then  are  they  revoked  t  ,tiow  have  tiaey* 
i  to  violate  our  neutral  .commerce  ? 
any  repeal)  or  modification  of  those  decreet)  in  tci^th  taken> 
"^  ^must  have  been  communicated  to  tlie  priae  cdurtiS)  and  would 
n  evidenced  by  some  variaupn  either  in  their  rules,  or  in  the 
Jiles  of  their  decisions.    In  vain,  however,  will  this  nation  seek  &«>, 
|robf  of  the  revppation  of  the  decrees.    No  acquittal  has  ever  been 
any  of  the  prize  courtai  upon  the  ground  that  the  Berlin  and 
decrees  had  ceased,  even  as  it  respects  the  U.  States*    On  the 
jiry  the  evidence  is  decisive  that  they  are  considered  by  the  French 
t  as  existing. 

ere  are  iftany  caies  corroborative  of  this  position.    It  is  eno|tgl^ 

X  only  two,  Ifhich  appear  in  the  official  reports^    The  American 

Ifulian  was  captured  by  k  French  privateer)  on  the  4th  July  1811, 

i  the  tenth  of  September  181 1)  (he  vessel  an^cargotWere  condemn- 

thexouDcil  of  prizes  at  Paris  among  other  reasons,  dn-ature  the 

nted  bff  several  SnglUh  veateh.    On  the  same  day  the  Hercules 

lericaa  ship  was  condemned  by  the  imperial  court  of  prizes,  al> 

"  that  it  was  impossible)  that  she  was  not  visited,  by  the  ene* 

ihips  of  war."    So  lamiliar  to  them  was  the  existence  of  the  de- 

and  such  their  eagerness  to  give  them  effect  agaii)st  our  com- 

ff  that  they  feigned  a  imitation  to  have  taken  pU^C)  and  that  not- 

iding  the  express  declaration  of  the  captain  andcreW)  to  the 

ry.    In  addition  to  whkh  evidence)  Mr.  Russeirs  letter  to  the 

iry  of  State,  dated  8th  May  1811,  says  *^  it  may  not  be  improper 

^mark  that  no  American  vessel  capttxred  since  the  1st  Nov.  1810 

iret  been  released.*'  \ 

kthis  it  is  apparent)  tb|tthc  comnuvidpriof  the  nttiom)  Ycuels> 


■  -   :  . .  -  V 


:^-*'  ' 


vMkH  mltty  th^  tuiifHaaKnHK  oAlMrii  iTIio,  h  the  ki0!tmmUMi^ 
inilnio  dr«c4  the  ^Netfct,  miit  luive  bMli  HMiili  tei|tta}tttiia  Mi 
KtSeal  Hiftrit  «tiitM,1aive  ti^ls  Ifom  (iNt  tt^  |ittt» Jj0»mt'^^      . 
ta^m  f  IkiidvriMbriiity  M^  utMii  t|it  j»fiwi|^^^  i 

i  if  otMir  evidMv^e  0f  the  toKmait^  e»)iteiidB  of  t^Ofi  «leledi  iff«ii 
fcquiute,  the  etite  ofthto  Firtnieh  jttneniineM  aff^  Wicku  kmtvi 
^kplicH .    Chattipagttjrt  Duike  Hi  C»do^}  ntltil^r  t>f  Ibi^HA  i^letto 
Iki  M>  reiN>ft  td  his  ihajefttjr  tUb  Eilij^if  Htkd'  k|ng.  dafca  P|ris, 
Pee.'  It  to,  sipeahing  of  the  4tQrtf(»  of  ^r|ip;  eiKl  ^Ulint  ^jril  ex^ 
fjr,  ^  A*  tohg  ae  Ehj(knd  shall  ftdrsist  fai  her  ohlirs  incoiihcU»yc 
^liiiiij^f  witf /k^Mwr,  m  your  deartet,**  Thin  which  no  deelaralM* ' 
be  Mbre  dfrick  npt'onl?  th«t  the  Berlin  i^ntf  Miihn  dif»ces  an  iimeei  ^ 
(^,  Bat  tfiMt^hey  win  so  teiinaih,  mntil  the  ttif^i  orders  in  i^ound 
m  i^ithdtiwnf  ^And  in  the  Addreiia  d«llvei^^  tda^it^p^  W 
^  KiJp(ftI#i»;t^ Jite  coiincU  of  ^miiMiM  (A^e  dlM  M^  |8|\/ 
tMi»dcc^l^^Thiird^r0es  of^^inand  "MHah  4ap  «>•  fbadar 
hNrsoTiny  ieMipIre:    Fo]^cb6  neutrrf  ttaviftlitioK  t  cota^del  the  .^, 
«lfi>iiiiiill6i^o^terrk6rir.  'Th6  ^f^^iiirhich  sitl^^  to^  vl 

llMdi  Ciili^tiiiecdnilid^i^l^^  the  ftle  6fm  Xi^icaif  ^^ 

lae^  waisoili  be  decided.  1  wiH  fiiVor it^ifOie  W^?^^^ « 

ttar«»eii!^^iel«^ritbthes6  decree.  |<l  a  «onfii^ 
*  iAnd^iiteiiiaietdth^o^iitfir^  ktf|fo  ^ 

#«(^ed^'irid^''»li^st»fW:tmkt^ 

<^  trail  ipit  in  ferce^  the  decrees  of  B'<$»ni  1|nd  Ji^it^^^ 

fme^'ifSrih  ii4io  M^iTeir  the)^B%  to  0 

#  ^aieal^  acli,  'is  tklsire  any,  ekcei>4on  In  fewr  ^  the.'t    .^  , 

^lUd  to  thee^iii^  in  th^  report  of  t^vn^  Ust,  hy  pla^  it  ^ 

aiM  W At  iwids  <if  «the  princteles  of  thetreaQr of;Vw^|i*' 

F^eiteft'iifb^^^^^  the  t^ms  of  revoci^on  bq^ Jft  pt 

l^ewt^kitis^  ,  ,.....}'>.  '■;,, 

^'*Th^  ifho  niafh^h ihi  revocation  of,  0itte  dectee^ as.  Iiii|| 

Ite  ti,  Stateisj  rely  whbfiy  upon  the  suspension  of  the  de9'M4oq^  W  < 

l^rench  pciase  ca^tfoh  in  relation  to  some  f^w  vcsseb»  ^M-tl^e  Islieiati 

#^^|by  th«'iiM<^  ^^I^*:^^^'^^  the  Frsnch  Empentir^ .  Can  tb 

t)ie  a^trbsiger  j^resiit^t^Ve  evpl^ceVol  t^  exiati^e  9!  those.^jr. 

tbiiti  this  ~tUiit  1^  i^d  is  eiccept^  ,|ix>in  thfir.O^i^^ 

file  special  exercise  of  tl|?  Rinii|Kfii?'s  wiU,  in  the  pair^^l^-^e. 

sny  weMvtnade,  li|l>fei«tldri  VoiMd'te  amutterofcoarserandofgenerftl  rMitil 
•tf«4ef  being^iHij^ir  of4»|9Kieal«rfii)r«rj  orctiprne.    Is  M  fi*  TtKnttMAa 
¥»Mgenei<s8«  ItkejtJbeaeithatth^  people,«^the  Un»te4fitftte»ai«itotsbMidc9iJ 
coininerce  and  peace  Ms  it  forsvich.f^vcfs,  theyire  to  iiiTite  tb«  cidimitieil 
war  t  Iftheiisoureeaji^f  m:«>jtUt:qb  were  exhaiUfted*  had  tJtiie  .gQVfapmentl 
powers  remainiiw  to  ttiimhiinith^  causes  of  national  ponttoversy^jSj  V'*^™^ 
abuses  ?  After  tftWj  had  it  ho  po^irers  to' provide  for  prbtecting^iriddJIitttamei 
ipi]^rtantsijg[hts»  vithout  wagl^'a  ww^oSencft  ?•  jn  ther^ulaj  eioJWs' 
kgf islative  and  e^cotiv^  pot«Htrs<(  might  not  the  fair^objects  ofla^retX  foi 


ted  war  J  Woald  it  not  be  more-friendly  to  the  cause  of  our  own  sea^ieti  i—-^ 
safe^ii^  iwe  nati^ipmuf^^oQUDMMei  mdrfS  |kVM«bl»  to  t^  interest*  ofl 
agrieoitore}  less  huzwdous  to  nattohal  dMtfMteri  irore  1M|1hy  of  a  *^ 
jiwousof  their  liberty  and  independence  ! 


^M 


1^ 


'  liMof49taMkOO04il}iN«fdMMWtie 

. ll'iiB#  ^^««^  af  dt  feer  JbtMl^n  etttoien,  MiA  fat  Wkuriag  q«» 

^. . Ittniiittt  iilib#»  f)i6  qoiaitltir  o^Mnkobr •mm  tjie  proAuiBi  of tb^ 

ttttet  ^MM  <o  ai<b«wwU;41itlMaiab^  the  aiMittktMlllp 

I  in«  to  Itebai  iaiTlir  #i9|i#doMi^  ttob  l^tS  IBU.   VMttiltiU 

^it  liyifti^hqiir  HAat  ojvof«rUoii  of tKo  fff^  iti4Pt|M  of  oor.  idmii^ 

[  Ijit  «qr  io  m  wMm  wmr  thvoiMb  %  tJipiw^  8^^f.  HKTour 
^T!^th^iB  tl)Me  jMl0tei.wM  wft^uiiiM        3m  met  mJlam  mn 
Tof  licrlbibinL^^oiMfi^Qiili,  ttul  iimSe  tUo  oNblifiilnisiit  of  faifii(^  j^Bwrnl- 

I  rnpeet  tooobj^^Jpiadtfeb  ndib  cm  be  im]pof|t{fS|n(o  flnnee  eJbwpt  ftg^ 
~  •  j^iNi  of  4te  uhiUd  fttateg  an^  |M^  ^da|(|«f%;<a|  ^omt^   Ber 
leM  our  mcfclittits  tinxfljwy  wluii  t|M  ji|M>t»;9C#  jlftencK  j(oVi 
_Epto|iiBrtoaeiiuaia.    MtoaitkletfKroirid^etticmM^ 
I  iri4i  Midi  exoSriiitittt  dn^  ind  ait  jntttfefM  to  ilieb  i^q^ibOdiM  i 
M  ^  ilt»ir  UmnMoo  eiu  inordkiQiy  tJM^  tip  oiiiMvit  <b  a  ]i . 
^flw  Mi  of  Aapni  tffi(0  tli»  Tery  (%.of  tlM  ]k!«e  of  qfidmi'ji noted 
h4ii^irMi»pbiiedittjdiee»<|lM4Mttoii»UB|^^  .^-.^^ 

to  ^fiiee,  or  fintf,  timet  tteit  dtigMMf  leoit  in  £e  Udil^  ^  ^_. 

}bio(6»7tii«tMcihi^leti^1iaeoa  ^  iS9d  etf^  Ji|i]ijr  S«l|,  Inftfiiil 

rittnaHSiit  th«t  it «»  •* <h»S(^  in, ediniiiiitriition  itaUpgMm  ^fmfiiA 

neeeeeeiy  toi'  it*  ooAiiiDniiptioO'     And  bjr  othvvegulatioi^  j|ti 

Bttuty  tfoimi^  of  topiieoo  afmdddhr  oon«iui»d  Ui  Vlftuioe  le  di 
)>|i«MMif  JittfMe«iA^le«Hi^  onl^ab<tt^  two  thoiuaal  h5>e^8liieedaliif  j 
ik^  ittbcjNiMlnae4  in  ^:rHD0e. 

li^km'to  ibeeo  lnD|neiti«iie  aild  regtrfetio^  ttie  kiopoM^le  not  ]c>il^|| 
widiveipeettolwa  fetiimMnrai;  ||[y  otter  edicts  .be  i»  compeliiejil  to 
^mVai^ofhiiipmorU  anjr 

rin  eudi  ivtielefe  of  Vmudf  pittduee  end  iOiU)Qfti<i|tt>e*  u  tbe  l^ch  g 
jnttbinln^^pittpertodihMf.    tipb  thitdk  «t  leli^it  mwibe  Uid  ,out  b^  st 
!  OUttir  tbiM.  bi  irlttca,  bitodie^  intf  otber  «ttici«a«  nffbiA  eountrir.    lb 
lattti^iecoimtof  odireoBnnensbd  rdktimiewhltffwwe  does  not  i«*t  oik 
IWBtlktfi&r/tlie  nn^Arelen^  would  reifer  to  the  4*t«nent8  and  deelai% 
'oiirgowninMlitoa  tbie  w^^feot   b  a  letter  frojn  AAr.  j^ith  the  la^ 

IMM  t.0O0i;O0O  l>Mi)ub.  I     TMaree         tSfiffO  Utiir^heaat.^     I 

7.000  31(m-cm1  I     J)rtedFM    m»(iOO  Qtdntak. 

t^fedrtig  it,  tkMOe  amnuUaveti^  tahthiif  t^^^        tw^oeyear^ 

%664t090#toim<fe.1     3>fecea        5, 937  ift^^AMidk. 
SM  d,3llS3Wcw.  1     JViA  24,735  ^i^Mb. 

tej/ean  um^  t/^ne  arHcie$  hat*  n»tieen  Mfped  at  alt. direct^  *$  Franea. 
"  -tgi^^k^ijl^nmd  thiir  wc^  thither  thm^h  the  n&rthemfvrtuf^yfpfe. 


ipcaUiif  of  we  tH#  t»  UMi^iMittty,  Mndcr  it«,mra]Mlkina,  nftn  the  ncti 
MMlof  the  dcflNfi.  Mr,  ftmitb  t^**  *'*Tlw  vwtiietkM  of  tke  HBrlm  Mid : 
IM  «)Mi«k«  Wild  t^^'tikt  <(f  tiBft^OtfiVK  tlie  Aimt'v»ai  mmimx*  trm  r 
lotf  tteiy  v«i|M)l»  t6  fValMse, ,  Tile  iptardliUara  in  tha  •jwtnn  tlHtl'luui  Immi  t. 
ftttuttdi  Dftim^  tlie  i^iiMon  of  A<bcrimn  piaAwU,  wlU  ham  the  effect  e(  i 
INJeinr  tt)^  them  all  caittlreitn^t,** 

**  Ifit^fyt thif«m«a <|eerMfl,  muniolpel  kwi,  frodueier tkt^i 
tnereiet  elll^t  hfive  heen  enbeUtiitefl,  the  «ede  only,  i»4  not  the  meMute ! 
tondergOM  an  alientioat  And  hmrerep  true  H  may  be»  that  the  ohanfe  U  bi 
M  iri^opn,  tt  i|»  tteverthelee.  m  tn<«;  th«t  it  ieesieKtially  unirkndljr,  and  iht 
jideee  net  i|t  alt  ^iaoftn  with  the  ideaa,  inq>ii«d  by  your  letted  of  the  ^th  uH 
in  whi^di  jroit  tr^retfeMed  to  dcchire  tUe  *'  diatinotly  prononnoed  intention  of  hi^ 
tapeiriAl  md«tty  of  fltvourincrth^commereial  relational  between  Vranoe  andt' 
'Tnited  State*,  in  all  the  ebjecta  of  traffie,  whkh  riuOl  evidently  |irodeed  fr 
y^^  agri^ultiire,  or  manufaeturet.**  **  If  France,  by  her  owm  aota,  haa  hla 
(Ulcd  iqp  Y^t  porfi  afpainet  the  introdnction  of  the  proAicta  of  the  United  Ita 
«1iat  motive  half  thieeoTemment  in  a  diaotieaion  with  a  third  power,  to  imi 
iptt  Ae  priyiten  of  ffomc  to  Drance  r  1l\iience  the  indueementf  to  urge  the  « 
ntalmenl  ef  a  blocliade  <[f  france,  when,  if  annulled*  no  American  Carviea  coii 
obtain  §murket  inenyof  herportai  Inaueh  a  etateofthingi.  a  blockade^ 
the  copit  of  iVanee  wov^ld  bf  to  the  United  Stetef  aa  vnimportaot,  aa  would^ 
ft  bloflQuie  of  the  eoapt  of  the  Caapiap  aea,^ 

And  «o  fiur  haa  the  French  empcro^  been  (Vom  relaxing  in  whole,  or  In  i 
Ih^lB  odiooi  recnla^on*  a%  tq  ne*  in  eonaequence  of  our  aubmitting  to  ffli^e  i 
Oiff  Ekti^iah  trade,  t|)fit  tliey  have  been  made  a  aubjeet  of  apetial  inatructiona,  j 
^  miniater,  who  haa  been  cent  to  the  court  of  France.  Mr.  Monroe,  in  hia  I 
ter  of  faiatfuetiona  to  Mr.  Barlow  of  Ju^  36^  1811,  wa\*^  JiMir  early  and  pa 
ftttlv  fttention  will  be  dimwn  to  the  creatattbleot  of  ue  commercial  relet 
'eriiich  ia  to  aubaiet,  in  ftitare,between/ue  United  Stotea  and  Fni^ee.  The  1 
f  ident  ezpceta  that  the  comtocfoe  of ';the  United  Statea  will  be  pleeed,  in  t , 
•one  of  Fitoce,  on  aooh  a  Ibotfaig  arto  afford  it  a  <Ur  market  i  and  to  theij 
Cttatry  and  enterprise  of  thefar  eitisena,  a  reaaeaabk  eiwouragement.  .^ii 
ibngement  to  thia  eifi^t  wae  looked  for,  immediately  after  the  reyoeemi(^f f tt 
4braeea, but  it  appeal^  from  the  documentai  in  thia  depart,  ment,  th«rt|||,t  r 
«ot  the  eaae  r  on  the  contrary  thaiwr  nntmerm  Aqa  b«tn  iml(f»€$i4  ^  (^^ 
.  4**  diapmavg9Pnem^»rrit^ier,  U  the  $n«tt  ofpretiime  ret/tftdntt  /  thattna'te 
which  cairiwloqflee,  augar.  See.  though  Mu>ng  directly  ^m  the  United' St 
to  a  Frei^h  piwrt,  were  held  in  a  atato  of  aequestrjition,  on  the  principle  i 

t  trade  waa  pnmibitfd.  ai)dthat  the  importation  of  theae  atUolea  wae  not«^ 
Bnl^wfhl,  but  criitoinal  t  that  even  the  veaaels,  which  carried  the  tmqiwstK| 
-jlble  prodactiona  of  the  United  Statea,  were  expoaed  to  great  andexpeneive^ 
^ya,  to  tedioua  inveatiffationa,  in  unuaual  forma,  and  t9  exwbitant  Auiu. 
'  slicirtthatrihe  ordinary  oaages  of  commerce  hetwttn  frUndh  natiom  were  ab 
^kmed."  '^  1^ 

Again  Mr.  Monroe,  in  the  aame  letter,  say*,  **  If  the  porta  of  Francejfplij 
aJliea  are  not  opened  to  the  eommeree  of  the  Unite,d  Statea  on  a  liberal  acajte  ij 
<«n  fdir  conditiona,  of  what  avail  to  them,  it  may  he  aa^ed,  will  be  the  revol 
tion  of  tt!e  Britiah  ordera  in  council?  ](n  contending  for  the  revocation  of  th 
tprdera,  ao  iar  aa  it  was  an  object  of  intereat,  the  United  Statea  had  in  vle« 
trade  to  the  continent.  It  was  a  faii<  legittmate  oluect  and  worth  contend!^ 
jbr,  while  Fraiee  encouraged  il.  But  ifshe  ahuts  her  pprtason  our  comma 
olrburdens  it  wixh  heavy  dutiea  that  ptotiw  i«  at  an  end."  lie  again  says, "  j 
wtU  aee  the  iniustice  and  endeavour  to  prevent  the  neceaaity  qf  ^^ingiqg  inj 
*lOxm  tor  American  cargoes  sold  in  France,  an  equal  amount  in  the  produce  or  m 
^^(teturea  of  that  country.  I^o  such  ohliBation  is  imposed  on  Fi«nch  mercha 
fiNding  to  the  United  States.  They  ei^oy  the  liberty  of  selling  their  carf 
ibr  cash,  and  taking  back  ^hat  t^y  pleased  from  this  country,  in  return. 
3S  indispenqible,  that  the  trade  be  free,  tiiat  ail  American  citii^eni^  engage 
Jit  be  plaef^  on  the  same  footing,  and,  with  this  view,  that  the  system  of  ex 
;ing  it  on,  by  Ucentea,  granted  by  French  agent»be  immediately  anmdled." 

The  despatehes  from  Mr.  Barlow,,  by  the  Hornet,  most  clearly  show  that  I 
gspectationa  of  iour  government  have  not  qnhr  not  been  realized,,  but  that  ( 
the  prondtea  obtained,  by  our  minister  are  of  a  very  unsatisfactory  nature. 
^eed  Wlc  Bonaparte  ia  sending  armiee  to  ^  north  of  Europe  to  tak^  po 


oit  the  piiiieiple 


% 

MtviMlt,  on  tlicAUMtk,«a«xpc«t«UjmMi»9<i9tfM«ftanl^^ 
be.von*  tlMtt  TftUk 

,twitli9«H)diaf  tht  viohAM  of  th*  )wUiMNiits,««M  1^M#rl«tioii#«l«ii» 

■ovenMNWt  iwMir«i»tlM  oomm#iM  oTOio  Vaitod  jIuitM  lugk  W  tar^- 

Mid  pnid^It.  •  It  i»  wcU  kaomi  that  ftom  tlw  ftUmtiy  oToiii  fiim^Mf 

mt  vcNtla  WW*  alloped  to  wn  imd  MMciito.  ^  Mtf  doAnw,  tUf 

^  .be  Mt  «>  fcpd  iinapiy  unUwfta  MmwioM.  Tl|p  OMtar  oro^V^Hte  W0u)d 

l^taBinlahfea,  and  lii  leUtiiMi  to  OM  orthe  boU^^j^imts  olkMt,  tbt  riak.  iu4ar 

>eirip«nstMi«ot»iroiildimmb«ineMui«dl7inM^^ 

«  dlMUMboa  otoAr  gonmrndit,  in  Nlntion  to  tho  Britiah  pidm  |n  o^on- 

iTOi  a  ourremgr  t6  th«  opinion  that  tbay  exiat»  wittaoiil  tnf  atodiflcation  no- 

jif  t^  tlio  ttntant  of  ^  fltfat  |irinciplMr  on  whieh  tUy  wmt  iaaucd.    And 

i]h!eiMhininiat«r»  in  hla  last  oommonieation  on.tbia  subjoet,  pad*  to  the 

uvativo  Btsnate;  on  tbe  lOth  of  Mardi  laat,  muki*  of  tbe  bbMkada  of  tlia 

.  ofMajr  1806**atannibilatinf  tin  righta  of^all  naiiitine  ataiitw  and' pnt- 

;  ondar  interdiction  whole  eoaata  and  empirei  i'^  and  <rf;  the  ordera  i»  ^focwoil 

IWt  M  though  stiU  aubaiating,  and  thatt  aceoiding  to  theit  priocipkaatt 

eia'  were  oompeVed  **  to  pajr  a  trSmte  to  BngUuM,  and  idl  eaifoea  » taKiff 

ouatoma.**    Wlbat  the  real  extent  and  principle  of  the  Uoekade  of  May 

j  were,  bate  already  bean  explained.    With  reapect  to  the  Bntuh  «tdcn  of 

t,  the  truth  ia,  that  by  ^''^^  '"^  iaaued  on  the  SOth  of  April  U09,  thev 

revoked  or  nwdifted,  and  the  obnovibua  tranait  duty  called'hy  we  liwncn ' 

■ter  V  tribute  and  tariff"  waa  done  away.    The  new  order  of  April  1809, 

$oh  ia  now  th«  aobjeot  of  complaint  ia  limited  to  **  all  thi  porta  ano^j^aoee  aa 

'  north  aa  Hifi  river ^ma*  incluairely,  under  tbe  goTemment  atylmg  itself 'tiid 

gdo^i  of  IbUand,  and  all  porta  and  pUcea  under  the  governmoit  of  VtriMlce, 

Bther  With  tbe  coloniea,  plantatlopBt  and  aettlementa  in  tha.poaaeaaion  of 

govenunenta  re^pceiiTelyi  and  all  ports  and  plaoea  bt  the  northem  pwts 

Itafytto  be  «;eckoned  from  the  poirta  M  Orbitello  and  PBaaro*  inelualv^ly.** 

W  di^ct  then  of  the.British  ordera  of  blockade,  now  in  fbree,  ia  to  depriv* 

rthe  commerce  of  Prance,  Holland  and  a  part  of  Italy.    And  they  leavtt  open 

.1  the  oonraMree  ofill  tlMreat  of  the  world.    "What  that  ia,  tfome  ealiqute 

:  be  fiNrmed  by  reeilvMnce  to  the  aal^Jned  taUe,  which  exhibita  tbe  atat« 

•  commerce  during  1806  and  1807>i-The  two  laat  year*  antecedent  ^  the 

t|on  of  our  reatrictive  ayatem.    By  tbs).  table  it  appeara  that  the  value  of 

^expoHa  of  eui>  domeatio  predueta  to  Vraiice,  Holland  and  Italy  waa  during 

two  yeara,*  at  an  average  only  of  about  H*  <md  a  ka^nmUum  •f4^r». 

fui&t  average  of  our  domeatie  exporta,  to  all  other  parte  of  the  world 

\  which  art  now  left  free,  to  ua  notwithstanding  the  effect  of  the  British  or* 

in  council  exceed  thir^-^ig^  wtiUma  f    So  extenaive  a  commerce,  it  ia 

d  to  aurrender,  for  the  reatricted  tfade  the  French  emperor  will  allow. 

:  burctened  by  impoaitions,  or  harraaaedby  vexations,  from  Firenchdo. 

ation>.and  Ftemin  Douonilsra,  or  euatomhouse  officers,  in  almoat  every  port 

ital  Europe. 

in  the  scale  of  commercial  advantagea  France  has  little  ,to  offer,  in  return, 

fthe  manv  obvioua  haaards,  which  according  to  the  wiah  of  her  Emperor,  tba 

Uted  States  are  about  to  incur :  aoj  in  the  moral  estimate  o^  national  proa- 

Its,  there  if  little  character  to  gidn,  or  con8<^tion  to  expect  in  the  dark  aoeae 

things,  on  which  we  are  entering. 

*Value»f«tticUi»  •/domeatie  pndu€e,  exported  to  otf  the  world. 

in  1806  J»il80f 

mole  amount,    £41,253,727        Whole  amount,    JS48,699,598 

3,716,141 


To  France  3,226,698 

To  Solland,  turn pmt.^ France  3,609,964 
ifViiro^  ;  v^^-  185,346 

7,032,008 

To  £njrUmdmd  dep^udencieo    19,179,981 
T«  0  other  parte  of  the  world   15.051,740 


34>23}|73f 


3,098,234 
350,257 

6,064,632 

27,915i,0rr 
14,719,883 

42,634»960 


Utethd 


inttti 


Xlii  iiftiBilliVin  f$0 
IvtkMMMWMi   ' 
i«lMi  tTMiMNf  «( war  |Ml ' 
^  linii  "wmm  iirtiini  HMt 


I  WRQ 


WMilMllWwarf  BtMI^Mft  sitf  Murinm  baadNii 
Ml  ii  to  iOl  tiMl  inr  k  dMMdA  tolSioilr.  b  iifi^ 

'  «nlU  flir-wluift  b|o  fPMM,  fNdpltelM  iiMf  iiitb  M||i«>l 


ST' 


to  intUy  •  iilfhh  viikiHii;  or  to  Mtlata  vqiMm  miMlowed  nge )    IT  honour  tt< 
■MM»  •  irar#HI|  liiglMd,  Wkoi-  ontaii  MH»  IM  bontar  «»  tiMp  «vw  Hm 

SaoM Mbgr  rMi0o  r  Om ^mL  «^beHn»  wliiiMit  Inpriaonmentk ^ 
MtlMrnri  M  MA,  ttOlago,  tbiUbgibtmrQiaii,  under  FMnohofd^. 
ir^^miloirioua.  Aro  tfi^j  uiifeh  h^eu^  thinr ««  fllnfiA  I  Ii  Mnr  •Ilirl* 
MtaK  «»^  tend  in  the  eoiMM>on««n«e  md  huniaiiitkNM  of  the  tnvtfenl  Bftnb. 
«>»  FlMipoteiitiiiFjrfir  the  IM^l  ttatMttthe  rnmeh  CooHl  In  hii  eom- 
annhMrtioni  to  our  go^wnwentyin  bnisiw  lh|B  p(diUc«  wfaoM  li  th«  oanwn  fer 
Itov  adbcthMp  l^md•  In  the  flriiMd  or  our  «oinil(y  w^ 

If  no  illiMione  oftereonnl  ft«AiM^  and  no  eolkitudn  Ibr  datntkn  6f  pfawe, 
•hould  hepenMttadtemiiiiia^llkMteeaaaeibiirk^ 
Me  IbrtletcoAfftAeaaMn  iotkmiit%Bpahlk!W»»at,iitmtnrm^^ 
flbr  tte>i)Uk  doAnoe,  aiid  iMMl#  no  yoke  c«  h«dij(e  t  Mil  MI  lnr~^-'~ 
lithe  mii4»  MmA  l>7the>^k]i.  oMght  m)iafmam  ijJFliijf 
to  nid  the  nMeh  cMtte,  by  engt^tinr  in  wte  dgamit  tiie  enen^  mfinttii'f'" 
IPo  luppllr  thewMte  of  tuoh  •  war  and  toineet  the  aMiroMktIen#,«r-|Mil< 

eipetiditaiea^  must  our  fclhrtrwHiiini,  WiiwMii- 

uttMn  tlie.  burden  of  lnHNteaB(|,l»iF|i^^ 

dilMt  itod  IhdiMet  idhbritkmf)  Ptor  itftoial  faifi)rmatioo  KigeMlnl^lb 

maUoUa  deemed  tequiaHe  l»  ^tfiatlea  dfthe  war »  for  like  inmatloV^  v^ 

the  mterie  and  ambimtef  tasiea  deemed  raquiaite  fat  |la«riq|^itt|iBt, 

Kfimi  the  coanmunltjr.  it  la  heri  iiMcient  to  refer  lib  eatiaiatle  anil  re- 

iM^debyth^SeefetarT^tl^ttMniryandtheCkmiAitt^^      iriyaiMd 

*  to  the  body  of  reiehmiyfMaMm  lAffch  11^  to 


mo  aumjr  taewaate  oi  auoa  a  war 
Im  eknaordinaijr,  for  the  war  eipetid 

»ithe  Uniei^  be  doeeaed to  WMt^n 
dfatuet  itod  mdMct  inntoailion  v 


§dBk«ia 


wmHI  be  aone  relief  ta  our  anxiety  !f  aoMadanbre  Hkdy  tfo  b«  nuUb 
frr  tiMi  Tajjfcnf wi  and  irildneaa  brtLsprqJeetfbythe  prvdenee  of  thev^>»ri>^ 
wn.  lut  inno  MMset^thia  amnnaknMaffiur  can  we  tmee  the  great  aurl.  die- 
vm^^jnuam$  of  wiadom.  Them  i*  tecu  a  headkinf  nuh%  '-»>  ' '  '.ic: ' 
^ei^'with  Uttteudeulatkn  about  (hciitteans  aMIiOle  eoi^eem  idnrnt  mic  oona«- 
maMee.  With  »  navy,  compamUvefy  noudpni^ii*  are  abgut  to  enter  hrto  tfinb 
flsta  agi4|tit  tt:^  gfoitest  manne  on  tfte  yob»  ^1^  a  commerce^  ut^protceted 
•nd j^read  ov^n  ereiy  ocean,  M  VtU|M«  to  imtke  pToftt  by  inAnpifring,  and 
fxf  wa  ettdanr.c  V  the  wealth  of  whidi  we  «a  honeat^  nraiirietQca.  An  inTaaidik 
%liwMlaned  of  ^>  «doniea  of  a  power,  ii4iic|t,  wlttont  putUnv  a  new  ahip 
MtOij(wiwnn!<«'<tt<y  ^»?  \  ikin  ^  another  aol^ier  into  pay,  can  spread  uann  <ff  deso« 
|iliMiakngth»«<>utensiv(fi«nKof  ourse^^  Ife  reaoureesof  our  epu^tiy, 
^'titariruBtiit'il  kU^e,  great  be)ror%t  our  waiiia,<»€«tf 
"^uSmA  of  lutiflciv  restrslntf.    Before  adequate  fl^incatioinai 

'  doilieltie  uefence,  before  men  or  money  are  provided  for  a  waf  j 
.  qrhaaten  into  the  midst  of  that  awftil  contest,  t^ieb  ialig^wast 
ttCMitti&t  be  concealed,  that  to  tsan^  in  the  present  war  againat  f 
faplaee  ouraelvea  on  the  aide  of  Vnnae ;  and  esposM  .ua  to  tiieipl 
flatea,|ervii«  under  the  banners  of  the  FrenoUEiiiberor.    TlietiflllesB^ 
pt  Hfttiii  ft^  Mking,  Wmm  ^  Vttiu^  StMc^  to  gain  b^i 


wv! 


ct  any  pelktisa 


>» 


♦ .'  <  -•■<♦'■ 


isoo  n3,( 


tAii 


z 
sr- 


iriuwMwr#- 
■tp  ofWF  on 


bunri 
intfenl  Mtiib* 

to  hi»  MHi. 
tk*  eatutior 

6f  ptaoe. 


imwtl0f^  Via. 

BnMMMMTC* 

rto  <»•  maA 

if  the  !-'■•*'••«»'• 
neat  aoH  lis- 
[  ■'.»>■)  V  uc;  • 
mt  >iie  r.whgn« 
inter  into  (tfife 
^mot«et«d 

ll«|nn9f  ai4 

AnfaiTaakiik 

r  a  new  ahip 

latin  or  deao« 

oar  cQoiitry, 


we\* 


IpMMtt  tlM  9* 

•  tW  ml 

h  MlU*  not 
iite4if^Iike 

•~."?^' 


.it 


I' 


JauAS  .,, 
LrovAB*  Warn. 


jrta  BawKnL-^ 


,,::■:  Hora^..,,,,, 


nAi'S?  9V 


.4   ^SJ^P-1* 


I.fl39'd»891»fl 


JVomm'  1%i^iurlimd\    ifHifwt*if>  ^Fnmeg.  TtMimtmt^ 

Um.  Iba.  nj.      i     :;:         Iba.  Iba.  iST^ 

fJfmjlOi      none,     {lMf9«5lS  i80«  .  SMdl^SS  r,083,US  94kS4M«r 


1803 

8£i 


.TjeiBQiK' 


j|?^7l^lt8ll|(KW86 


do.   J^8^f: 


9,7S4 

ni86 

4DX4 

i,aoi 


Vierota. 
^737 


U06  108^637 

1807  9^im 

1808  4^ 
l809.11lj^. 

i8io,i$i;sU 

1811  U9,346 


Tieleas. 

3,399  39,398 

3.006  .   37«417 

none^4t>^  A399 

;do.  43*138 

do:     ,  .^48 

do.  40JHS 


*  iii  l^)^ln  «Mt|ie9iieiMe9^rAe  Embm-gt  andmit-intere9uraeaet,4.mtaim»  ff 
-  "*^;«  ^<!***^  ****  *$^l>^/'^  Miuhtra,  10  and  a  hatfmilUmt  to  tit  Ittri^, 
~^  *wMH^''''<>9N^ 'M'^'^*^  .^rzore*.  1  ndUtn  and  thru  guarten  t$ P9rtw<^a$td 

UAH  mat  4  ti^mmu  ^f  pitndt «/  Cwtttm  mrm  Mpped /kr  Spain,  3  milHtm. 
■■^mjf^^  3  mOHmufw  Madeira,  10  «mM«M>W'  #V«rMB«,  3  miOiMufir  JBa- 
vf^  ijrtmttlgtAmiaimtfir  JFaj/al  and  tie  Antnt*,  14  awOiMwybr  l»HMMrlr  «A{ 


,*. 


^ 


•J, 


it' 


1  ^654 
UC14^ 


ri^KUBII  «ii«^oii6  exported  to 


aii«o 


5S,45ft 


»9^        |3,3ttl 


y.'V  ,^ 


14091 

4805    7?WW       toot. 


Miiii      .    mat,         SUi.    ;f         19Uk,„        Bbisw         ^  ^^ . 

So«l    S.     m^mitm  7«^    ^on^.     m^' 


1810    79M31 
1X811  lt4iaf<019 


180ft 

laor 


1804 


lioo 


fi 


3^tlt        IMI«, 


none.        T^^ 
d».  4Sf,3^ 

do.  .      »»#,, 


99  mo»o 

j1(»     1^10 


do. 

..<ijno.    ^^ 


19S,45rT 


TUKPBKtUli: 


4   **      "^i^   >< 


ttltl. 


do 


)|49 


l#10 
ttll   «. 


40 
d» 


I7i 
97^ 


.  trite  npt; 
iao* 


of  U»b«r  ^ivmA  <>w  >*oo  **  *^^*  onir  •  ftw  8n»M  a>ld' 


h-*-.. 


»    '    -.  **> 


*4^«*" 


»  V 


55,45^ 


199,417 


"^' 


^,:*.«, 


mi. 


hmSfbttt^iot 


7U 


■•fc 


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